Physiology Chapter 22

Front 1

The cardiovascular responses to an exercise bout vary to the _____, _____, __________, and ________ of exercise, as well as the muscle ______ involved and environmental stress

Back 1

type, mode, intensity, duration, mass

Front 2

there is a direct linear relationship between _____ and ______. HR increases due to increases in ________ stimulation. During prolonged durations of exercise, HR may also increase due to an increase in what?

Back 2

HR workload
sympathetic
body temperature

Front 3

Ventricular filling increases during exercise due to what 4 things?

Back 3

1- increase in Q
2- venoconstriction
3- muscle pump
4- thoracic pump

Front 4

why does stroke volume increase during exercise?

Back 4

because of increased sympathetic stimulation (contractility)

Front 5

Stroke volume also increases during exercise because of increased what and a decrease in what?

Back 5

increased ventricular filling (preload)
decreaes in afterload

Front 6

there is a direct _____ relationshop between stroke volume and work, up to an intensity of about ________ of VO2 max, after which there is a _______ in stroke volume

Back 6

linear
40-50%
plateau

Front 7

there is a direct ______ relationshop between Q and work. Cardiac outpu increases due to incremental increases in both HR and SV. Once SV plateaus, furhter increases in cardiac output are due to incremental increaess in _____

Back 7

linear
HR

Front 8

There is a direct ______ relationship between av-O2 difference and work. The increase in av-O2 difference is a reflection of increased _________. The increase in av-O2 difference is faciliated by the opening of ______ ____, an increase in the _____ gradients, and the bohr effect

Back 8

linear,
metabolism
capillary beds
PO2

Front 9

there is a direct _______relationship between VO2 and work. In some indivduals, VO2 will ______ at maximal intensities of exercise

Back 9

linear
plateuas

Front 10

there is an _______ _______ relationshop between TPR and work. Vasodilation of arterioles supplying skeletal muscle and opening of the capillary beds ______ the total cross sectional area of these two vessels. The increase in total cross sectional area ______ TPR

Back 10

inverse linear
increases
reduces

Front 11

There is a direct _______ relationshop between SBP and work. The increase in SBP is related to the increase in what?

Back 11

linear
cardiac output

Front 12

DBP remains contstant or decreases during aerobic exercise, The decrease in DBP is related to the decrease in _____

Back 12

TPR

Front 13

MAP ______ during aerobic exercise. The slope of the increase in MAP is ____ ___ ______ as the slope of the increase in SBP.

Back 13

increases
not as great

Front 14

how is blood shunted away from viscera to more active sk mm?

Back 14

1- vasoconstriction of fessels supplying fiscera
2- vasodilation of arterioles and opening of capillary beds increases the blood supply to active sk. mm, mass

Front 15

During prolonged durations of moderate intensity aerobic exercise, it is common that some cardiovascular responses drift _____ or _____ steady state values

Back 15

above
below

Front 16

classic cardiac drift is characterized by an increase in _____ and a decrease in ___. The decrease in SV may be a secondary resposne to the increase in HR

Back 16

HR
SV

Front 17

cardiac drift resulting from dehydration is related to an exercise-induced reduction in blood volume due to inadeqquate hydration during exercise. This type of cardiac drift is characterized by an increase in ____ and a decrease in _____ and _____ _______

Back 17

HR
SV
cardiac output

Front 18

consumption of fluids should be sufficient to maintain body weight within ____ of body weight prior to exercise. A loss of body weight is suggestive of a loss of ____ volume

Back 18

2%
blood

Front 19

VO2 max is greatest during what kind of exercise?

maximal heart rate, stroke volume, and cardiac output are highest during _______ exercise, lower during leg ergometry, and lowest during ___ argometry. At any given workload, there is a higher heart rate, SBP, DBP, and MAP and lower stroke volume response during what?

Back 19

weight-bearing ( running)
treadmill,
arm

arm ergometry