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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What subclass of organic molecule is enzyme?
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Protein
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State function of protein and which one of these function is enzyme's function.
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Structure
Catalyst- this one Antibody Receptor Carrier |
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Define catalyst.
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1.Increase the rate of reaction.
2.Catalysts are not changed by reaction. 3.Does not change the nature of reaction. Just speeds it up. |
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What do you call something reactant have to overcome in order for the chemical reaction to proceed?
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Activation energy
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What is the thing that lower the activation energy required for a specific chemical reaction to occur?
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Enzyme
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What do you call the specific binding on enzyme reactant fit into?
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Active sites
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What do you call the substance that enzyme act on?
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Substrate
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When a substrate fit into enzyme, what do you call it?
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Enzyme-substrate complex
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At the end of enzyme reaction, what do you get?
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Enzyme and products
(shape of enzyme has not been changed) |
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Although shape of enzyme does not change in the reaction, they do undergo slight structural change to accomodate substrates to fit in. What do you call the slight change?
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Induced fit
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What kind of suffic do most of enzymes have?
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ase
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State an exmaple of enzyme names that reflect activity.
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Synthase
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State an example of enzyme names that reflect substrate.
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Lactate dehydrogenase (removes hydrogens from lactic acid)
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Enzyme that catalyze the same reaction have the same name, but it may differ in a few amino acids. What do you call the the different model of the same enzyme?
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Isoenzymes
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What do you call the condition when enzyme activity is at maximum rate?
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Optimal condition of activity
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What is the pH optimum of pepsis? Why is it at the value?
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pH 2.0, because pepsin works in the stomach where pH is 2.0, and stop working in S.I.
Only works in the stomach. |
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What is the pH optimum of salivary amylase and what does it do?
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pH 7.0, because pH in side of mouth is about 6.7 pH. It digest carbohydrate.
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What is the pH optimum of Trypsin and its function?
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It breaks down protein that works in S.I. 8.00 pH, because pancreas secrete juce that makes pH of S.I. to basic.
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Why does enzymes stop working when the temperature and pH goes out of optimum condition?
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Because it denatures the shape of tertiary chemical structure, which change the function of enzyme.
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What is conformational change?
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Chemical structure change
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Define Cofactors.
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Metal ions such as Mg2+, Ca2+, Mn2+ that cause a conformational change in active site. If Substarates cannot fit in to active sites, reaction cannot proceed.
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Define Coenzymes.
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Derived from water soluable vitamines, and transport H+ and small molecules from one enzyme to another.
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Different enzymes are activated at different locations, what kind of things activate enzymes?
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Chemical change such as pH change.
Phosphorylation- Protein kinase adds phosphate group to the enzyme. Ligand-second messenger systems example:cyclic AMP, which activate protein kinase. |
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Define second messengers.
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Substance outside of cell carrying the message cannot get into the cell, intermediate called second messenger will carry the message into the cell.
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What is the relation between reaction rate and substrate concentration?
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Reaction rate will increase with increase in substrate concentration until enzyme is saturated.
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Are some enzymatic reaction reversible? If so, give an example of a equation.
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Yes.
H2CO3= H2O+CO2 |
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Define endergonic reaction.
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Requires energy to start the reaction.
Usually synthesis reaction. Energy is absorbed in the product. |
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Define exergonic reaction.
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Energy is released
Usually breakdown reaction. |
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State endergonic reaction involving ATP
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ADP + Phosphate + energy to
ATP |
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State exergonic reaction involving ATP
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ATP to ADP + Phasphate + energy to be utilized.
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Define oxidation.
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Lose electrons to be oxidized.
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Define reduction.
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Gain electrons to be reduced.
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State reduction reaction involving NAD.
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NAD + 2H --> NADH + H+
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State oxidation reaction involving NAD.
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NADH + H+ ----> NAD + 2H
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State reduction reaction and oxidation reaction involving FAD.
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Reduction
FAD + 2H ---> FADH2 Oxidation FADH2---> FAD + 2H |
