Physiology Ch. 26

Front 1

increase of sodium causes what in the kidneys

Back 1

increase of sodium excretion

Front 2

what is erthropoietin

Back 2

stimulates production of red blood cells by hematopoietic stem cells

Front 3

short term arterial pressure regulation by secretiong what that leads to formation of vasoactive angiotensin II

Back 3

renin

Front 4

what is needed for calcium deposition in bone and reabsorption by GI tract

Back 4

calcitrol, or vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 made by kidneys

Front 5

medulla is divided into 8-10 what?

Back 5

renal pyramids

Front 6

what is erthropoietin

Back 6

stimulates production of red blood cells by hematopoietic stem cells

Front 7

what do the renal pyramids terminate at

Back 7

the papilla

Front 8

kidneys synthesize what from amino acids during fasting

Back 8

glucose in gluconeogenesis

Front 9

medulla is divided into 8-10 what?

Back 9

renal pyramids

Front 10

what colelcts urine from tubules of each paipilla

Back 10

minor calyces

Front 11

what do the renal pyramids terminate at

Back 11

the papilla

Front 12

what does the papilla project into

Back 12

renal pelvis

Front 13

what does the papilla project into

Back 13

renal pelvis

Front 14

what is the outer border of the renal pelvis divided into?

Back 14

major calyces

Front 15

blood flow to the two kidneys is how much percent of cardiac output

Back 15

22%

Front 16

what does the renal artery form

Back 16

the interlobar, arcuate, and interlobular arteries as well as afferent arterioles, which lead to the glomerular capillaries

Front 17

where does the efferent arteriole lead to

Back 17

to a secondary capillary network, the peritubular capillaries, that surrounds the renal tubules

Front 18

what happens to fluid in both capillaries

Back 18

filtration in the glomerular capillaries at 6- mm Hg and reabsorption in the peritubular capillaries at 13 mm Hg

Front 19

where do the peritubular capillaries empty into?

Back 19

the venous system of interlobular vein, arcuate vein, interlobar vein, and renal vein

Front 20

you have a million nephrons at age 40. how many will you have at age 50

Back 20

900,000

Front 21

What is the glomerulus encased in?

Back 21

Bowman's capsule

Front 22

where does the proximal tubule lie?

Back 22

the cortex

Front 23

where is the macula densa located?

Back 23

at the end of the thick ascending limb

Front 24

What is after the macula densa

Back 24

the distal tubule, the connecting tubule, the cortical collecting tubule, which lead to the cortical collecting duct

Front 25

nephrons with glomeruli deep in the cortex are called what

Back 25

juxtamedullary nephrons

Front 26

nephrons that have glomeruli in the outer cortex

Back 26

cortical nephrons. short loops of henle

Front 27

process of micturition

Back 27

bladder fills until tension rises above a threshold, this elicitis the micturition reflex that empties the bladder. this is an autonomic spinal cord reflex

Front 28

two parts of the bladder

Back 28

body where urine collects and the neck

Front 29

nephrons with glomeruli deep in the cortex are called what

Back 29

juxtamedullary nephrons

Front 30

lower part of the bladder neck

Back 30

posterior urethra

Front 31

what do juxtamedullary have?

Back 31

vasa recta

Front 32

What is the smooth muscle of the blader called?

Back 32

the detrusor muscle

Front 33

what occurs at the trigone?

Back 33

bladder neck opens into posterior urethra and the two ureteres enter the bladder

Front 34

what is the muscle called in the posterior urethra

Back 34

internal sphincter

Front 35

two parts of the bladder

Back 35

body where urine collects and the neck

Front 36

what is in the urogenital diaphragm

Back 36

the external sphincter

Front 37

what occurs at the trigone?

Back 37

bladder neck opens into posterior urethra and the two ureteres enter the bladder

Front 38

what is in the urogenital diaphragm

Back 38

the external sphincter

Front 39

what is the muscle called in the posterior urethra

Back 39

internal sphincter

Front 40

principal nerve of the bladder

Back 40

pelvic nerves from sacral plexus. sensory detects stretch and motor is parasympathetic to the detrusor

Front 41

what nerves to the external bladder sphincter

Back 41

the pudendal nerves with sympathetic from the hypogastric nerves

Front 42

effect of parasympathetic and sympathetic

Back 42

peristaltic contractions are enhanced by parasympathetic stimulation and inhibited by sympathetic stimulation

Front 43

function of detrusor muscles

Back 43

to prevent backflow

Front 44

what is it called when bladder is propelled backward into the ureter

Back 44

vesicoureteral reflux

Front 45

what is the ureterorenal reflex

Back 45

when a sympathetic reflex caused by pain sends signal to kidney to constrict the renal arterioles to decrease urine output

Front 46

micturition contractions are a result of what?

Back 46

a stretch reflex started by sensory stretch receptors in the bladder wall

Front 47

micturition reflex is what?

Back 47

self-regenerative because initial contraction activates stretch receptors to cause greater increase in sensory impulses

Front 48

what can inhibit the micturition reflex?

Back 48

inhibitory centers in the pons and centers in the cerebral cortex

Front 49

what center prevents micturition

Back 49

the higher centers

Front 50

when does a person lose bladder control

Back 50

if they lose sensory they cant transmit stretch signals

Front 51

when the bladder fills to capacity and overflows a few drops at a time

Back 51

overflow incontinence

Front 52

what does syphilis do

Back 52

damage to dorsal root nerve fibers that enter the spinal cord called tabes dorsalis and resulting bladder condition is called tabetic bladder