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32 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
name the three types of muscle fibers?
skeletal, cardiac, and smooth
name the parts of the skeletal muscle from outter to inner
sarcolemma, sarcoplasm, myofibrils, and filaments
what are the thick filaments composed of?
myosin
what are the thin filaments composed of?
actin
acronym for the sarcomere
haiz- h-zone,a-band, i-band, z-disc
which part of the sarcomere does not shorten when the muscle is contracted?
A band
what do myosin heads act as?
myosin ATPase, splitting ATP into ADP and Pi
what are actin tin filaments composed of?
two intertwined helical chains
where are troponin and tropomyosin located?
actin
what are cross bridges?
binding sites between actin and myosin
describe the cross bridge formation
1) resting fiber, cross bridge is not attached to actin
2) cross bridge binds to actin
3) Pi is released, causing conformational change in myosin
4) power stroke causes filaments to slide; ADP is released
5) a new ATP binds to myosin head, allowing it to release from actin
6)ATP is is hydrolyzed causing to return to its original orientation
what causes the sliding of the filaments and muscle contraction?
the cross bridge cycle
The transverse tubules contain voltage gated Ca++ channels, called ___________ receptors
DHP (dihydropyriding)
direct molecular coupling between what two receptors causes Ca++ channels to open?
DHP and ryanodine
what re graded concentration produced by?
variations in the number of motor units activated
does fine control or power control have have neuron activated fibers
power
name the three stages of a single muscle twitch
latent, contraction, relxation
what is complete tetanus
when a muscle remains contracted due to continues stimulus, results in fatigue
describe a eccentric contraction
muscle lengthens due to increased load/tension. coming down from a curl
what kind of relationship is there between "force of opposing muscle contraction" and " velocity of muscle"
inverse
what is the strength of a muscles contraction influenced by?
1. number of fibers within muscle that are stimulated to contract
2. frquency of stimulation
3. thickness of each muscle fiber (thicker=more power)
4. initial length of muscle fibers when at rest (max 2-2.2)
a muscle is made to contract _______________ and the force required to prevent it from shortening is measured as ________ _________
isometrically; tension produced
what must be stretched first before the muscle contracts
tendon
what do each intensites of excercise burn
light: fatty acid
moderate: fatty acids and glucose
heavy: lots of glucose
what increases GLUT4 carriers in sarcolemma?
muscle contraction
at what level of exercise has the most ATP production
moderate
in exercise intensity increase beyond about 70% of maximal oxygen uptake then ___________ contributes as increased proportion of total ATP
glycolysis
what is phosphocreatine and what is it used for?
reserve of high-energy phosphate in muscle that is used for rapid formation of ATP at beginning of muscle contraction because pre-formed ATP in muscle at start of contraction only supports a few twitches
3x as much as ATP
in what three ways can muscle fibers form ATP?
1.phosphorylation of ADP by posphocreatine (creatine phosphate)
2. oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria (aerobic)
3. glycolysis in the cytosol (anaerobic)
how are fibes classified?
the maximal velocity of shortening and the major pathway used to form ATP
describe oxidative fibers
-red
-high capacity for oxidative phosphorylation
-many mitochondria
-good blood supply: O2 and nutrients
-high concentrayion of myoglobin
describe glycolytic fibers
-white
-fewer miochondira and blood vessels and less myoglobin
-larger diameters and greater tension