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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name at least 3 transmembrane protein groups.
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Transporters, anchors, receptors, enzymes.
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The cell plasma membrane makes up to ...% of total cell membranes.
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10
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Shortly describe nuclear envelope.
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Double membrane continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum, has pores.
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Where is RNA synthesised?
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In the nucleolus.
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Ribosomes.
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Huge macromolecular complexes of RNA and protein, involved in protein synthesis.
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What is the purpose of Rough endoplasmic reticulum?
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Synthesis, processing and modification of proteins for membranes or secretion.
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What is the purpose of Smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
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Lipid biosynthesis, drug detoxification.
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Main purpose of Golgi apparatus.
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Trafficking proteins into and out of the cell and other intracellular organelles.
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What is a peroxisome?
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A peroxisome is a specialized structure inside a cell which helps to rid the body of the host organism of toxins; contains oxidative enzymes.
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What is a Lysosome?
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A lysosome is a structure inside an animal cell which breaks down materials into compounds which can be used or discarded by the cell, as needed. Lysosomes also play other important roles in cell upkeep, ranging from consuming worn-out structures within the cell to attacking foreign bacteria before it has a chance to penetrate the cells. Contains hydrolytic enzymes for the degradation of microtubules.
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What organelle of the cell is used for fuel oxidation, oxygen consumption and ATP generation?
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Mitochondria.
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In the cell there are three basic cytoskeletal networks: actin microfilaments, intermediate filaments and microtubules. Two of them are used for movement and migration, what does the other one used for?
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Intermediate filaments are used by cell for strength. If the baby is born with the pathology that results in absence of IF in the cells, baby is so fragile that during the birth the skin can come off the flesh.
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What is a fundamental packing unit of DNA?
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Nucleosome.
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About how many base pairs of DNA is there in the genome of individual human?
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Over three billion.
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the human genome is diploid. What does that mean?
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There are two copies of each gene.
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How are the two copies of each chromosome called?
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Homologues chromosomes.
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Where does the cap end is added during the maturation of the mRNA and why is it important?
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It is added to the 5' end of the mRNA. It is important for efficient translation and stabilizing the massage (just as polyA lait on the 3' end).
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What is an open reading frame (ORF)?
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The sequence of codons from the AUG (initiator) to the terminating stop codon.
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What does ribosome do during the translation of mRNA?
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The small ribosomal sub-unit binds t-RNA to m-RNA. Big ribosomal sub-unit catalyzes the addition of amino acids to the extending peptide chain.
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Where does the initiation of the translation starts?
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At an AUG codon which codes for the amino acid methionine.
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