Physiology: Bone And Calcium Metabolism

Front 1

Name the calcium salts

Back 1

1.) calcium phosphate
2.) calcium carbonate
3.) hydroxyapatite ( calcium phospate + calcium hydroxide)

Front 2

calcium level is regulated by:

Back 2

1.) parathyroid hormone
2.) active form of vitamin D (calcitrol)

Front 3

________ covers bone excapt at joint.

Back 3

periosteum

Front 4

_________ covers joint the region where a bone articulates with another bone.

Back 4

articular cartilage

Front 5

shaft of the bone:

Back 5

diaphysis

Front 6

the region near the ends of the long bones where the long bones make articulations is known as the ___________

Back 6

epiphysis

Front 7

epiphysis is composed of ______ bone

Back 7

spongy (cancellous)

Front 8

the cavities in spongy bone and the marrow cavity in the shaft are covered by a layer of cells called the _________ and contain the ___________.

Back 8

endosteum

bone marrow

Front 9

marrow is generally taken from spongy bone in the _________ and ___________ for examination and/or transplantation.

Back 9

iliac crest

sternum

Front 10

the ____________ system is the basic unit of both compact and spongy bone.

Back 10

osteum or Haversian system

Front 11

each osteum consists of concentric rings or __________ of calcium salts, proteins, and bone cells.

Back 11

lamellae

Front 12

the hollow center of each osteum

Back 12

Haversian canal

Front 13

the Haversian canal contains __________

Back 13

1.) osteonal artery
2.) capillary
3.) or venule
4.) and nerve fibers

Front 14

branches of osteonal arteries extend laterally through channels called __________

Back 14

volkmann's canals

Front 15

the bone cells in an osteum are__________

Back 15

osteocytes

Front 16

Osteocytes occupy cavities in bone callled __________.

Back 16

lacunae

Front 17

To some extent, ___________ can deposit new bones and reabsorb existing bone. One of the goals of this bone remodeling may be directed at maintaining the normal plasma Ca++ ion concentration.

Back 17

osteocytes

Front 18

osteoblasts:
1) what is made from this?
2)what are these derived from?
3.)where is it found?

Back 18

1.) osteocytes
2.) osteoprogenitor cells
3.) periosteum and endosteum in adults. if injured or if growing they are found at the periphery of the osteum.

Front 19

osteoblasts:
1) what are their functions?

Back 19

1) they secrete protiens which form an extracellular protein matrix or mesh called the osteoid
2) produce collagen molecules
3.) collect Ca++ and phosphate iolns in vesicles which are released in the region of bone to provide the required minerals.
4.) secrete the enzyme, alkaline phosphatase, which removes phosphate groups fromproteins in the growth region.
5.) produce calcium binding proteins - osteocalcin and osteonectin

Front 20

the extracellular protein matrix or mesh secreted my osteoblasts

Back 20

osteoid

Front 21

____________ is the major protein of the bone

Back 21

collagen

Front 22

to increase the strength od bone collagen fibers are ...

Back 22

aligned in opposite directions in alternating lamellae

Front 23

__________ removes phosphate groups from proteins in the growth region.

Back 23

alkaline phosphatase

Front 24

_____________ binds Ca++ and hydroxapatite crystals.

Back 24

osteocalcin