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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Acetylcholine
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A primary neurotransmitter that transmits impulses across the synaptic cleft
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Action Potential
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A rapid and substantial depolarization of the membrane of a neuron or muscle cell that is conducted through the cell
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Afferent Division
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The sensory division of the peripheral nervous system
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Axon Hillock
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a part of the neuron, between the cell body and the axon, that controls traffic down and the axon through summation of excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials
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Axon Terminal
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One of the numerous branched endings of an axon. Also known as a terminal fibril
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Central Nervous System (CNS)
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System consiting of the brain and spinal cord
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Depolarization
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A decrease in the electrical potential across a membrane, such as when the inside of a neuron becomes less negative relateve to the outside.
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Efferent Division
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The motor division of the peripheral nervous system
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End Branches
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Branches coming off the ends of the axons leading to the axon terminals
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Engram
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A specific, learned, and memorized motor pattern, stored in both the sensory and motor portions of the brain, that can be replayed on request
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Excitatory Postsynaptic Potential (EPSP)
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A deploarization of the postsynaptic membrane caused by an excitatory impulse.
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Golgi Tendon Organ
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A sensory receptor in a muscle tendon that monitors tension
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Graded Potential
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A localized change (depolarization or hyperpolarization) in the membrane potential
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Hyperpolarization
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An increase in the electrical potential across a membrane
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Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potential (IPSP)
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A hyperpolarization of the postsynaptic membrane caused by an inhibitory impulse
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Motor Division
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The efferent division of the peripheral nervous system
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Motor Reflex
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An involunatary motor response to a given stimulus
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Muscle Spindle
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A sensory receptor located in the muscle that senses how much the muscle is stretched
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Myelin Sheath
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The outer covering of a myelinated nerve fiber, formed by a fatlike substance called myelin
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Nerve Impulse
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the electrical signal conduced along a neuron, which can be transmitted to another neuron or an end organ, such as a group of muscle fibers
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Neuromuscular Junction
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the site at which a motor neuron communicates with a muscle fiber
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Neuron
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A specialized cell in the nervous system responsible for generating and transmitting nerve impulses
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Neurotransmitter
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a chemical used for communication between a neuron and another cell
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Norepinephrine
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A catecholamine released from the adrenal medulla that, along with epinephrine, prepares the body for a flight or flight response. It is also a neurotransmitter
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Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
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That section of the nervous system through whoch motor nerve impulses are transmitted from the brain and spinal cord to the periphery and sensory nerve impulses are transmitted from the periphery to the brain and spinal cord
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Resting Membrane Potential (RMP)
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The potential difference between the electrical charges inside a cell and outside the cell, caused by a separation of charges across the membrane
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Saltatory Conduction
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The means of rapid nerve impulse conduction along myelinated neurons
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Sensory Division
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the Afferent division of the PNS; sends impulses from the sensory organs to the brain and spinal cord
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Sensory-Motor Integration
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the process by which the sensory and motor systems communicate and coordinate with each other
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Sodium-Potassium Pump
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an enzyme called Na+-K+-ATPase, which maintains the resting membrane potential in disequilibrium at -70 mV
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Summation
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the summing of all individual changes in a neuron's membrane potential
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Synapse
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the junction between two neurons
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Threshold
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a minimum amount of stimulus needed to elecit a response. Also, the minimum depolarization required to produce and action potential in neurons
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