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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
4 Types of Tissue
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1. Epithelial
2. Connective 3. Muscle 4. Nerve |
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Epithelial Tissue
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Acts as a barrier and controls filtration/secretion
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Connective Tissue
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Dispersed cells in an extracellular matrix that they secrete themselves.
1. Cartilage and Bone 2. Blood 3. Adipose Tissue |
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Muscle Tissue
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Smooth-Causes Organ Movements, and not striated
Skeletal-Causes Body's Movements, and striated Cardiac-Heartbeat, intercalated discs, and striated |
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Nervous Tissue
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Neuron-passes info as an action potential that travels to other neurons via axons
Glial-supports neurons Nervous Cells function to control the activity of organ systems |
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Examples of All Tissue Types
Stomach |
Stomach Wall = epithelial
Blood = connective Stomach contractions = muscle Control of movements and secretions = nervous |
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Cellular Engery is spent in 3 ways
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Heat Production
Oxygen Consumption Carbon Dioxide Production |
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Metabolic Rate
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Total Energy expenditure of an animal per unit of time
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Basal Metabolic Rate
(Endotherm) |
Minimum energy required for basic functions in an animal's thermal neutral zone
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Standard Metabolic Rate
(Ectoderm) |
Minimum energy required for basic functions at a particular temperature
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Metabolic Rate Increases with?
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Body Mass
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Mass-Specific Metabolic Rate Decreases with?
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Body Mass, because of the SA/V ratio
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Poikilotherm
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An animal that varies their internal temperature
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Homeotherm
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An animal that regulates their body temprature to keep it constant
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Conformer
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maintains same fluid composition as the environment
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Regulator
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Internal composition of fluids is different that the environment
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Can an animal be both a conformer and a regulator with respect to different variables?
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Yes
Body temp and pH levels |
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Regulation is controlled by the
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Nervous and Endocrine Systems
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Negative Feedback Loop
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Reverses the influence that created an error signal
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Positive Feedback Loop
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Amplifies the response from an error signal
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Set Point
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Body's Reference Point
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Feedback
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What is happening in the body
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Error Signal
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Difference between set point and feedback
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Feedfoward Information
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Anticipates internal changes and changes the set point
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Temperature Sensitivity Equations
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Q = Reaction Rate at a temp/Reaction Rate at 10 degrees colder
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Endotherm
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Generates own heat
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Ectoderm
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Gains heat from the environment
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Ways to generate heat
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1 .Metabolism (work produces heat)
2.Muscle Activity 3.Mitochondria produce heat |
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Ways to lose heat
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Conduction-transfer heat between 2 solids
Convection-heat loss between a liquid(or gas) and a solid Radiation-general heat loss from body Evaporation |
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Thermoregulatory Strategies
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Insulation-reduces heat flow to the environment.
Vasodilation-increases blood flow to increase heat loss to the skin. Vasoconstriction-restrict blood flow to decrease heat loss. |
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Counter Current Heat Exchange
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Veins and Arteries are position close to each other for heat exchange.
(Awesome) |
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Circulatory Adaptations
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Thin Barrier for Heat Exchange
Large SA/V Ratio Highly Vascularized Fine control |
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Hypothalamus
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The body's thermostat
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Torpor
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Body Temperature drops a few degrees below normal for 24 hours or less
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