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34 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
4 Types of Tissue
1. Epithelial
2. Connective
3. Muscle
4. Nerve
Epithelial Tissue
Acts as a barrier and controls filtration/secretion
Connective Tissue
Dispersed cells in an extracellular matrix that they secrete themselves.
1. Cartilage and Bone
2. Blood
3. Adipose Tissue
Muscle Tissue
Smooth-Causes Organ Movements, and not striated
Skeletal-Causes Body's Movements, and striated
Cardiac-Heartbeat, intercalated discs, and striated
Nervous Tissue
Neuron-passes info as an action potential that travels to other neurons via axons
Glial-supports neurons

Nervous Cells function to control the activity of organ systems
Examples of All Tissue Types
Stomach
Stomach Wall = epithelial
Blood = connective
Stomach contractions = muscle
Control of movements and secretions = nervous
Cellular Engery is spent in 3 ways
Heat Production
Oxygen Consumption
Carbon Dioxide Production
Metabolic Rate
Total Energy expenditure of an animal per unit of time
Basal Metabolic Rate

(Endotherm)
Minimum energy required for basic functions in an animal's thermal neutral zone
Standard Metabolic Rate

(Ectoderm)
Minimum energy required for basic functions at a particular temperature
Metabolic Rate Increases with?
Body Mass
Mass-Specific Metabolic Rate Decreases with?
Body Mass, because of the SA/V ratio
Poikilotherm
An animal that varies their internal temperature
Homeotherm
An animal that regulates their body temprature to keep it constant
Conformer
maintains same fluid composition as the environment
Regulator
Internal composition of fluids is different that the environment
Can an animal be both a conformer and a regulator with respect to different variables?
Yes

Body temp and pH levels
Regulation is controlled by the
Nervous and Endocrine Systems
Negative Feedback Loop
Reverses the influence that created an error signal
Positive Feedback Loop
Amplifies the response from an error signal
Set Point
Body's Reference Point
Feedback
What is happening in the body
Error Signal
Difference between set point and feedback
Feedfoward Information
Anticipates internal changes and changes the set point
Temperature Sensitivity Equations
Q = Reaction Rate at a temp/Reaction Rate at 10 degrees colder
Endotherm
Generates own heat
Ectoderm
Gains heat from the environment
Ways to generate heat
1 .Metabolism (work produces heat)
2.Muscle Activity
3.Mitochondria produce heat
Ways to lose heat
Conduction-transfer heat between 2 solids
Convection-heat loss between a liquid(or gas) and a solid
Radiation-general heat loss from body
Evaporation
Thermoregulatory Strategies
Insulation-reduces heat flow to the environment.
Vasodilation-increases blood flow to increase heat loss to the skin.
Vasoconstriction-restrict blood flow to decrease heat loss.
Counter Current Heat Exchange
Veins and Arteries are position close to each other for heat exchange.

(Awesome)
Circulatory Adaptations
Thin Barrier for Heat Exchange
Large SA/V Ratio
Highly Vascularized
Fine control
Hypothalamus
The body's thermostat
Torpor
Body Temperature drops a few degrees below normal for 24 hours or less