Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Outer layer of ovary
|
germinal epithelium
|
|
|
Outer layer of primordial follicle
|
granulosa cells
|
|
|
What type of oocyte is found in the primordial follicle?
|
primary oocyte suspended in Meiosis 1 (Prophase)
|
|
|
What does GnRH do?
|
stimulate FSH/LH release from ant. pituitary.
|
|
|
When are estradiol levels highest in a non-pregnant female? (Follicular or Luteal Phase)
|
Follicular phase (day 8-12)
|
|
|
When are progesterone levels highest in a non-pregnant female? (Follicular or Luteal Phase)
|
luteal phase
|
|
|
LH/FSH use what receptors?
|
G-protein (cAMP)
|
|
|
What is oocyte maturation inhibiting factor?
|
keeps primary oocyte suspended in meiosis 1 (prophase)
|
|
|
Where does oocyte maturation inhibiting factor come from?
|
granulosa cells
|
|
|
Estrogen has what effect on stimulating follicle growth?
|
positive feedback. estrogen up-regulates FSH receptors; synergy with LH
|
|
|
Since only 1 ova/follicle fully matures each month, what keeps the others atretic?
|
large amounts of estrogen from the largest inhibit FSH from the hypothalamus. the other follicles stop growing
|
|
|
What is the "stigma" during ovulation cycle?
|
area of ischemia in the follicle where the rupture will occur
|
|
|
The corona radiata is made of cells from...
|
granulosa layer
|
|
|
How does the LH surge lead to ovulation?
|
LH > progesterone > collagenase + vasodilation/swelling of follicle > rupture + ovulation
|
|
|
Proteolytic enzymes used to degrade the follicle wall during ovulation/rupture come from where?
|
theca externa
|
|
|
Why do prostaglandins help ovulation?
|
vasodilation > slower blood flow > transudate into the follicle > edema/swelling > high pressure in follicle > rupture
|
|
|
What is luteinization?
|
after ovulation, the ruptured follicle will become the corpus luteum now
|
|
|
What cells of the corpus luteum secrete estrogen/progesterone?
|
granulosa cells
|
|
|
What cells of the corpus luteum secrete testosterone?
|
theca cells
|
|
|
Where in the corpus luteum, do the sex steroids use aromatase? What does it do?
|
aromatase in the granulosa cells; converts estrogen to testosterone
|
|
|
What does inhibin do?
|
prevents LH/FSH secretion from ant. pituitary; secrete by corpus luteum cells
|
|
|
Most potent estrogen?
|
B-estradiol
|
|
|
Estrogen/progesterone are derived from ...
|
cholesterol
|
|
|
Androgens cannot be converted into estrogen in which cells of the corpus luteum?
|
No aromatase in the theca cells, must move into granulosa cells to convert to estrogen
|
|
|
Estrogens are made in which luteal cells? Theca or Granulosa Cell?
|
Granulosa is the only cell in the corpus luteum with aromatase
|
|
|
FSH has what effect on conversion of androgens to estrogen?
|
increases; promotes aromatase activity
|
|
|
How are estrogen/progesterone transported in the blood?
|
bound to sex-steroid binding proteins + albumin
|
|
|
Decreased liver function leads to (high or low) estrogen levels?
|
high; liver normally breaks estrogen down quickly
|
|
|
A patient will have highest levels of pregnanediol in urine in which phase of the menstrual cycle?
|
secretory. high prenanediol in urine indicates high progesterone levels in serum. progesterone levels are highest in serum during secretory phase of menstruation
|
|
|
Estrogen changes the vaginal epithelium during puberty into what?
|
from cuboidal to stratified squamous (non-keratinized)
|
|
|
Why do post-menopausal women have osteoporosis risks?
|
estrogen stimulates osteoclast inhibitory factor; drop in estrogen after menopause = more osteoclast activity
|
|
|
Estrogen has what effect on electrolyte balance?
|
water/sodium reabsorption
|
|
|
Secretory phase of menstruation is mediated by which hormone?
|
progesterone
|
|
|
Proliferatory phase of menstruation is mediated by which hormone?
|
estrogen
|
|
|
Menstrual phase of menstruation is mediated by which hormone?
|
drop in both estrogen + progesterone
|
|
|
What is "uterine milk"?
|
early nutrition for the fertilized ova in the uterus before it implants; progesterone causes secretion of this
|
|
|
Why is menstrual fluid non clotting?
|
fibrinolysin is released with it to break up clots
|
|
|
Estrogen and Progesterone have what effect on FSH/LH from the pituitary?
|
negative feedback
|
|
|
Estrogen and Progesterone form the corpus luteum have what effect on FSH/LH from the anterior pituitary?
|
inhibit
|
|
|
What happens to FSH/LH levels after menopause?
|
increase now that there is no estrogen from ovaries to inhibit it
|
|
|
A granulosa cell tumor would lead to a female patient with (hypogonadism or hypergonadism)?
|
hypergonadism; granulosa cells create estrogen
|
|
|
How do birth control pills work?
|
high levels of estrogen to inhibit LH surge = no ovulation
|
|
|
Most common specific cause of lack of ovulation
|
endometriosis/fibrosis in pelvis
|
|
|
What is salpingitis?
|
inflammation of the fallopian tubes
|
