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187 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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A girlfriend and boyfriend break a date. What does the boyfriend use to remember if this has happened before ? |
Hippocampus and association cortex |
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Biological rhythms are controlled by |
Melatonin & Exogenous light |
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If a patient suffers damage to his hippocampus he will experience |
Severe short term memory trouble |
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Damage to amygdalae results in |
Trouble with emotional responses |
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What does IPSP cause |
K to move out of the cell |
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The main neurotransmitter always in muscle is |
Acetylcholine |
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Which part of the brain secretes melatonin ? |
Pineal gland |
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Parts of the limbic system |
Hypothalamus, thalamus, amygdalae and hippocampus |
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What hormones cause aggression ? |
Decreased serotonin. Decreased cortisol. Increased dopamine. |
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Danger to amygdalae causes |
Decreased fear |
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What do the splanich nerves innervate? |
Visceral nerves that contribute to the internal organs |
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Imagine two neutrons, A and B, where A signals B across a synapse. What is most important in determining how B will respond to A ? |
The type of post synaptic receptor on B |
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Resting membrane potential in neutron of CNS ranges |
-70 to -80mV |
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Resting membrane potential in neutron of CNS ranges |
-70 to -80mV |
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Nerst equation is used for |
Equilibrium potential calculations |
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Resting membrane potential in neutron of CNS ranges |
-70 to -80mV |
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Nerst equation is used for |
Equilibrium potential calculations |
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Equilibrium potential for k+ is |
-90mV |
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Resting membrane potential in neutron of CNS ranges |
-70 to -80mV |
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Nerst equation is used for |
Equilibrium potential calculations |
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Equilibrium potential for k+ is |
-84mV |
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Na/K pump exchanges |
2K+ for 3Na |
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Cell inhibition is accompanied by |
Hyperpolarisation of plasma membrane |
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Cell inhibition is accompanied by |
Hyperpolarisation of plasma membrane |
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The main inhibitory transmitter is |
GABA |
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Average K+ in intercellular space is |
10*higher than extra cellular space |
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Average K+ in intercellular space is |
10*higher than extra cellular space |
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The index of cell excitability is |
Chronaxie |
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Sensory information is coded as |
Frequency of action potential |
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EPSP is associated with |
Depolarisation of post synaptic membrane |
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EPSP is associated with |
Depolarisation of post synaptic membrane |
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The lowest level of modulation of pain sensation occurs at |
2nd Neuron in dorsal horn of spinal cord grey matter |
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EPSP is associated with |
Depolarisation of post synaptic membrane |
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The lowest level of modulation of pain sensation occurs at |
2nd Neuron in dorsal horn of spinal cord grey matter |
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The patellar reflex originates from |
Preproreceptors |
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EPSP is associated with |
Depolarisation of post synaptic membrane |
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The lowest level of modulation of pain sensation occurs at |
2nd Neuron in dorsal horn of spinal cord grey matter |
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The patellar reflex originates from |
Preproreceptors |
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The inverse myotottic reflex originates from |
Golgi tendon organ |
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Primary area of somatic organisation of sensory neutrons in brain cortex is located in |
Post central gyrus area 3 |
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Equilibrium potential for Na+ is |
+59mV |
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Equilibrium potential for Cl- is |
-96mV |
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The frontal lobe is for |
Short term memory |
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The frontal lobe is for |
Short term memory |
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The parietal lobe is for |
Sensory and vision |
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The frontal lobe is for |
Short term memory |
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The parietal lobe is for |
Sensory and vision |
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The hippocampus is for |
Middle term memory |
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The frontal lobe is for |
Short term memory |
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The parietal lobe is for |
Sensory and vision |
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The hippocampus is for |
Middle term memory |
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The upper temporal lobe is for |
Long term memory |
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EEG gives beta waves |
Alert awake |
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EEG gives delta waves |
Deep sleep rapid eye movement |
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EEG gives delta waves |
Deep sleep rapid eye movement |
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EEG gives teta waves |
Light sleep |
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The common final pathway of Sherringtons is formed by |
Alpha and gamma motor neurons |
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The common final pathway of Sherringtons is formed by |
Alpha and gamma motor neurons |
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In voluntary movement the reconsideration of movement plan occurs at the level of |
Basel ganglia and cerebellum |
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Papez circuit is involved in function of |
Limbic system |
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Long term potential in hippocampus is associated with activation of |
NMDA receptors |
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Long term potential in hippocampus is associated with activation of |
NMDA receptors |
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Amygdalae is responsible for |
Rage, attack, sexual behaviour |
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Dreams occur in |
REM |
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Dreams occur in |
REM |
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The main receptor in ganglion in synapses of ANS is |
Nicotine receptor of Ach |
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The main cotransmitter in post ganglionic synapses of parasymatic nerves system is |
VIP |
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The main cotransmitter in post ganglionic synapses of parasymatic nerves system is |
VIP |
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Among proteins playing a significant role in the functioning of sacromere are |
Actin, myosin, titin, actinin |
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The main source of energy for skeletal muscle contraction is |
ATP |
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The main source of energy for skeletal muscle contraction is |
ATP |
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If A and B synapse on C, A releases 2EPSPs they will |
Elicit a response from C if they reach the threshold |
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The main source of energy for skeletal muscle contraction is |
ATP |
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If A and B synapse on C, A releases 2EPSPs they will |
Elicit a response from C if they reach the threshold |
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The blind spot is in |
The optic disc of retina where optic nerve leaves the eye |
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What cell in the eye responds to a blue bouncing ball? |
Fast wave cones |
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What cell in the eye responds to a blue bouncing ball? |
Fast wave cones |
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Which protein is responsible for muscle fiber type ? |
Actin |
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What cell in the eye responds to a blue bouncing ball? |
Fast wave cones |
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Which protein is responsible for muscle fiber type ? |
Actin |
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What is most important for muscle contraction ? |
Number of motor units |
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Impulses travel from A to B over a synapse. What is the most import ant factor in how B will respond ? |
Type of post synaptic receptor on B |
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Impulses travel from A to B over a synapse. What is the most import ant factor in how B will respond ? |
Type of post synaptic receptor on B |
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If a patient damages his hippocampus he will |
Have trouble forming new memories |
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Impulses travel from A to B over a synapse. What is the most import ant factor in how B will respond ? |
Type of post synaptic receptor on B |
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If a patient damages his hippocampus he will |
Have trouble forming new memories |
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The components of nicotine receptor is a pentameter made up of |
2alpha 1beta 1delta 1gamma |
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Impulses travel from A to B over a synapse. What is the most import ant factor in how B will respond ? |
Type of post synaptic receptor on B |
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If a patient damages his hippocampus he will |
Have trouble forming new memories |
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The components of nicotine receptor is a pentameter made up of |
2alpha 1beta 1delta 1gamma |
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The lever motion movement of actin to myosin is |
5-10nm |
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Impulses travel from A to B over a synapse. What is the most import ant factor in how B will respond ? |
Type of post synaptic receptor on B |
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If a patient damages his hippocampus he will |
Have trouble forming new memories |
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The components of nicotine receptor is a pentameter made up of |
2alpha 1beta 1delta 1gamma |
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The lever motion movement of actin to myosin is |
5-10nm |
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How does emotion improve long term memory ? |
Epinephrine stimulates the vagus nerve which stimulates the amygdalae and the hippocampus |
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Impulses travel from A to B over a synapse. What is the most import ant factor in how B will respond ? |
Type of post synaptic receptor on B |
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If a patient damages his hippocampus he will |
Have trouble forming new memories |
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The components of nicotine receptor is a pentameter made up of |
2alpha 1beta 1delta 1gamma |
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The lever motion movement of actin to myosin is |
5-10nm |
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How does emotion improve long term memory ? |
Epinephrine stimulates the vagus nerve which stimulates the amygdalae and the hippocampus |
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What is DHP? |
Found in sacrolemma |
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Repeated stimuli are stronger than a single stimulus due to |
Temporal summation |
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With regard to olfaction |
Humans have a small vomeronasel organ compared to other mammals |
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With regard to olfaction |
Humans have a small vomeronasel organ compared to other mammals |
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Which is not true for taste ? |
40 different receptors for bitterness |
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Fast twitch muscles are |
Anaerobic and tire quickly |
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Which of the following is probably not a function of the cerebellum ? |
Changing attention to different stimulus |
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Which of the following is probably not a function of the cerebellum ? |
Changing attention to different stimulus |
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Biological rhythms are controlled by |
Exogenous light |
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Spence neurons A and B synapse onto C which has a threshold of 50mV. If A has 20mV what does B need to activate C ? |
30mV |
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A careless surgeon cuts the optic nerve of a patient who dies a few months later. In autopsy what situation will be found ? |
Number of rods and cones do not change |
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A careless surgeon cuts the optic nerve of a patient who dies a few months later. In autopsy what situation will be found ? |
Number of rods and cones do not change |
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Movement is controlled by ? |
Cerebellum and Basel ganglia |
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A careless surgeon cuts the optic nerve of a patient who dies a few months later. In autopsy what situation will be found ? |
Number of rods and cones do not change |
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Movement is controlled by ? |
Cerebellum and Basel ganglia |
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Which factors are necessary for skeletal muscle contraction ? |
Ca2+, ACh, ATP |
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A careless surgeon cuts the optic nerve of a patient who dies a few months later. In autopsy what situation will be found ? |
Number of rods and cones do not change |
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Movement is controlled by ? |
Cerebellum and Basel ganglia |
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Which factors are necessary for skeletal muscle contraction ? |
Ca2+, ACh, ATP |
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Lactic acid synthesised during muscle activity |
Is a result of insufficient O2 intake |
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A careless surgeon cuts the optic nerve of a patient who dies a few months later. In autopsy what situation will be found ? |
Number of rods and cones do not change |
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Movement is controlled by ? |
Cerebellum and Basel ganglia |
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Which factors are necessary for skeletal muscle contraction ? |
Ca2+, ACh, ATP |
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Lactic acid synthesised during muscle activity |
Is a result of insufficient O2 intake |
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Motor units are |
All muscle fibres controlled by a single motor Neuron |
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Fast oxidative skeletal muscles |
Low anaerobic capacity Respond quickly and to repetitive stimulation without becoming fatigued |
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Adaption of muscle fibres to endurance training is based on |
Increased number of mitochondria as well as concentration and activation of oxidative enzymes |
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Adaption of muscle fibres to endurance training is based on |
Increased number of mitochondria as well as concentration and activation of oxidative enzymes |
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Baylis effect concerns |
Myogenic origin control of blood flow |
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What is a hebbian synapse ? |
One which stimulates pre and post synaptic sensory neurons |
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What is a hebbian synapse ? |
One which stimulates pre and post synaptic sensory neurons |
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When you climb the stairs which muscles are you using? |
Slow twitch Aerobic Tires slowly |
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What is a hebbian synapse ? |
One which stimulates pre and post synaptic sensory neurons |
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When you climb the stairs which muscles are you using? |
Slow twitch Aerobic Tires slowly |
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Caffeine is an antagonist to which hormone ? |
Dopamine and glutamate |
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What is a hebbian synapse ? |
One which stimulates pre and post synaptic sensory neurons |
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When you climb the stairs which muscles are you using? |
Slow twitch Aerobic Tires slowly |
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Caffeine is an antagonist to which hormone ? |
Dopamine and glutamate |
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When Ach binds to muscalinic receptor |
G proteins are activated |
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Which of these effects result in the stimulation if he parasymatic division ? |
Increased contraction of smooth muscle in the wall of the digestive tract |
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Neuron A is in resting state what is a relative ionic concentration |
100nM Na outside 10nM Na inside |
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Neuron A is in resting state what is a relative ionic concentration |
100nM Na outside 10nM Na inside |
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The skeletal muscles contact as a consequence of |
Troponin and tropimyosin contracting |
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Which of these synapses is the fastest ? |
Electrical |
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What is the role of the cerebellum? |
Timing of movement and events |
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The dorsolateral tract that crosses from one side of the brain to the opposite side of the spinal cord control movement of |
Discrete movement of the toes |
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The dorsolateral tract that crosses from one side of the brain to the opposite side of the spinal cord control movement of |
Discrete movement of the toes |
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If someone injected into your tongue sine chemical that kept K+ channels open what would be the consequence |
Couldn't taste sour pickles |
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The dorsolateral tract that crosses from one side of the brain to the opposite side of the spinal cord control movement of |
Discrete movement of the toes |
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If someone injected into your tongue sine chemical that kept K+ channels open what would be the consequence |
Couldn't taste sour pickles |
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The settings of SCN are altered by input of retinal |
Ganglion cells |
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The dorsolateral tract that crosses from one side of the brain to the opposite side of the spinal cord control movement of |
Discrete movement of the toes |
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If someone injected into your tongue sine chemical that kept K+ channels open what would be the consequence |
Couldn't taste sour pickles |
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The settings of SCN are altered by input of retinal |
Ganglion cells |
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Transatlantic sickness would be worse when traveling from |
LA to Warsaw |
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The dorsolateral tract that crosses from one side of the brain to the opposite side of the spinal cord control movement of |
Discrete movement of the toes |
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If someone injected into your tongue sine chemical that kept K+ channels open what would be the consequence |
Couldn't taste sour pickles |
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The settings of SCN are altered by input of retinal |
Ganglion cells |
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Transatlantic sickness would be worse when traveling from |
LA to Warsaw |
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Epinephrine and cortisol enhance emotional memories by affecting |
Amygdalae |
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The dorsolateral tract that crosses from one side of the brain to the opposite side of the spinal cord control movement of |
Discrete movement of the toes |
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If someone injected into your tongue sine chemical that kept K+ channels open what would be the consequence |
Couldn't taste sour pickles |
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The settings of SCN are altered by input of retinal |
Ganglion cells |
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Transatlantic sickness would be worse when traveling from |
LA to Warsaw |
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Epinephrine and cortisol enhance emotional memories by affecting |
Amygdalae |
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People with locked in syndrome feel |
Tranquil |
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The dorsolateral tract that crosses from one side of the brain to the opposite side of the spinal cord control movement of |
Discrete movement of the toes |
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If someone injected into your tongue sine chemical that kept K+ channels open what would be the consequence |
Couldn't taste sour pickles |
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The settings of SCN are altered by input of retinal |
Ganglion cells |
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|
Transatlantic sickness would be worse when traveling from |
LA to Warsaw |
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Epinephrine and cortisol enhance emotional memories by affecting |
Amygdalae |
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People with locked in syndrome feel |
Tranquil |
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Victoria has a new genetic disorder thT results in lower orexin levels will she experience problems with |
Falling asleep |
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The dorsolateral tract that crosses from one side of the brain to the opposite side of the spinal cord control movement of |
Discrete movement of the toes |
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If someone injected into your tongue sine chemical that kept K+ channels open what would be the consequence |
Couldn't taste sour pickles |
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The settings of SCN are altered by input of retinal |
Ganglion cells |
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Transatlantic sickness would be worse when traveling from |
LA to Warsaw |
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Epinephrine and cortisol enhance emotional memories by affecting |
Amygdalae |
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People with locked in syndrome feel |
Tranquil |
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Victoria has a new genetic disorder thT results in lower orexin levels will she experience problems with |
Falling asleep |
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Alcohol influences the brain in many ways but its effects on which neurotransmitter are responsible for its antianxiety and intoxicatingly affects similar to benzodiazepines |
GABA |
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All pregangluonic neurons of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions are |
Cholinergic Myelinated |
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All pregangluonic neurons of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions are |
Cholinergic Myelinated |
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EPSP |
Frequency of AP increased |
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All pregangluonic neurons of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions are |
Cholinergic Myelinated |
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EPSP |
Frequency of AP increased |
