Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
At what concentration is the transport mechanism for glucose saturated?
|
300 MG/DL
|
|
|
Define effective renal plasma flow
|
ERPF = U (PAH) x V/P (PAH) = C (PAH)
|
|
|
Define filtration fraction
|
FF = GFR/ RPF
|
|
|
Define free water clearance.
|
C(H2O) = V- C(osm)
|
|
|
Define GFR.
|
GFR = U(inulin) x V/P (inulin) = C (inulin) GFR also equals the difference in (osmotic pressure of the glomerular capillary minus Bowman's space) and (hydrostatic pressure of the glomerular capsule minus Bowman's space).
|
|
|
Define renal blood flow.
|
RBF = RPF/1 - Hct
|
|
|
Define renal clearance
|
Cx = UxV/Px The volume of plasma from which the substance is cleared completely per unit time
|
|
|
Define urine flow rate.
|
V = urine flow rate C (osm) = U(osm)V/P(osm)
|
|
|
How are amino acids cleared in the kidney?
|
Reabsorption occurs by at least 3 distinct carrier systems, with competitive inhibition within each group
|
|
|
How do NSAIDs cause renal failure?
|
By inhibiting the production of prostaglandins which normally keep the afferent arterioles vasodilated to maintain GFR
|
|
|
How high can the osmolarity of the medulla reach?
|
1200-1400 mOsm
|
|
|
How is ICF measured?
|
ICF = TBW - ECF
|
|
|
How is interstitial volume measured?
|
Interstitial volume = ECF - PV
|
|
|
How is PAH secreted
|
Via secondary active transport
|
|
|
How is PAH transport mediated?
|
Mediated by a carrier system for organic acids
|
|
|
How much of the ECF is interstitial fluid?
|
Three-fourths
|
|
|
How much of the ECF is plasma?
|
One-fourth
|
|
|
How much of the total body water is part of intracellular fluid?
|
Two-thirds
|
|
|
How much of the total body water is part of the extracellular fluid?
|
One-third
|
|
|
If clearance of substance X is equal to GFR, what occurs?
|
There is no net secretion or reabsorption
|
|
|
If clearance of substance X is greater than GFR, what occurs?
|
Net tubular secretion of X
|
|
|
If clearance of substance X is less than GFR, what occurs?
|
Net tubular reabsorption of X
|
|
|
What 3 layers form the glomerular filtration barrier?
|
1. Fenestrated capillary endothelium 2. Fused basement membrane with heparan sulfate 3. Epithelial layer consisting of podocyte foot processes
|
|
|
T/F. Secondary active transport of amino acids is saturable.
|
TRUE
|
|
|
What actions does ADH have on the kidney?
|
Increase water permeability of principle cells in collecting ducts -Increase urea absorption in CD -Increase Na/K/2Cl transporter in the thick ascending limb
|
|
|
What actions does AII have on the kidney?
|
-Contraction of efferent arteriole increasing GFR -Increased Na and HCO3 reabsorption in proximal tubule
|
|
|
What actions does aldo have on the kidneys?
|
-Increased Na reabsorption in distal tubule -Increased K secretion in DT -Increased H ion secretion in DT
|
|
|
What actions does ANP have on the kidney?
|
Decreased Na reabsorption -Increased GFR
|
|
|
What actions does PTH have on the kideny?
|
-Increased Ca reabsorption -Decreased phosphate reabsorption -Increase 1,25-(OH)2 Vit D production
|
|
|
What activates 1 alpha-hydroxylase?
|
PTH
|
|
|
What are the 4 actions of angiotensin II?
|
1. Vasoconstriction 2. Release of aldo from adrenal cortex 3. Release of ADH from posterior pituitary 4. Stimulates hypothalamus to increase thirst
|
|
|
What are the 4 endocrine functions of the kidney?
|
1. EPO release 2. Vitamin D conversion 3. Renin release 4. Prostaglandins release
|
|
|
What are the consequences of a loss in the charge barrier?
|
-Albuminuria -Hypoproteinemia -Generalized edema -Hyperlipidemia
|
|
|
What competitively inhibits the carrier system for PAH?
|
Probenecid
|
|
|
What constricts the efferent arteriole?
|
Angiotensin II
|
|
|
What dilates the renal afferent arteriole?
|
Prostaglandins
|
|
|
What do the collecting ducts reabsorb in exchange for K or H?
|
Na ions
|
|
|
What does renin do?
|
Cleave angiotensinogen into angiotensin I
|
|
|
What does the anterior pituitary secrete?
|
-FSH and LH -ACTH -GH -TSH -MSH -Prolactin
|
|
|
What does the beta subunit do?
|
The beta subunit determines hormone specificity
|
|
|
What does the early distal convoluted tubule actively reabsorb?
|
-Na ions -Cl ions
|
|
|
What does the posterior pituitary secrete?
|
ADH and oxytocin
|
|
|
What does the secretion of prostaglandins from the kidney do?
|
Vasodilates the afferent arterioles to increase GFR
|
|
|
What does the thick ascending loop of Henle actively reabsorb?
|
-Na ions -K ions -Cl ions
|
|
|
What does the thick descending loop of Henle indirectly reabsorb?
|
-Mg ion
-Ca ions |
|
|
What effect does constriction of the efferent arteriole have?
|
-Decreased RPF -Increased GFR -FF increases
|
|
|
What effect does dilation of the afferent arteriole have?
|
-Increased RPF -Increased GFR - FF remains constant
|
|
|
What enzyme converts 25-OH Vit D to 1,25-(OH)2 Vit D?
|
1alpha-hydroxylase
|
|
|
What happens to glucose in the kidneys when glucose is at a normal level?
|
Glucose is completely reabsorbed in the proximal tubule
|
|
|
What hormones act on the kidney?
|
1. ADH 2. Aldosterone 3. Angiotensin II 4. Atrial natriurtic Peptide 5. PTH
|
