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14 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
bronchi
made of cartilage -fairly rigid
bronchioles
smooth muscle
alveoli
location of gas exchange with blood- thin walled grapelike type 1 cells make up wall type 2 secrete pulmonary surfactant (reduces surface tension keeps lungs from collapsing)
interplueral fluid
sticky-allwall but allows lungs to move along chest wall but keeps them stuck
4 mmHG less pressure helps to expand lungs
respiration works
by changing volume of chest cavity, which changes pressure
before inspiration
respiratory muscles are relaxed pressure equal no air flow
at onset of inspiration
inspiratory muscles contract enlarges thoracic cavity
as thoracic cavity enlarges
lungs expand and intra-alveolar pressure drops
at end of inspiration
respiratory muscles relax chest cavity returns to normal size air moves down pressure gradient out of lungs - expiration is active process during exercise (abdominal muscles contract)
airway resistance
increase in airway radius decreases resistance an increases airflow
brain stem
medullary respiratory- basic rhythm, origin of nerves that supply inspiratory muscles for normal breathing, origin of nerves in inspir and expir for high rates of ventilation
apnuestic and penumotaxic centers in pons
positive and negative systymes to regulate APs in inspiratory to ensure smooth breathing
voluntary control of breathing
cerebral cortex sends impules to motor neurons in spinal cord that supply respiratoy muscles
nephrons
functional unit of kidneys - outer region renal cortex, inner region renal medulla