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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
bronchi
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made of cartilage -fairly rigid
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bronchioles
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smooth muscle
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alveoli
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location of gas exchange with blood- thin walled grapelike type 1 cells make up wall type 2 secrete pulmonary surfactant (reduces surface tension keeps lungs from collapsing)
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interplueral fluid
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sticky-allwall but allows lungs to move along chest wall but keeps them stuck
4 mmHG less pressure helps to expand lungs |
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respiration works
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by changing volume of chest cavity, which changes pressure
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before inspiration
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respiratory muscles are relaxed pressure equal no air flow
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at onset of inspiration
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inspiratory muscles contract enlarges thoracic cavity
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as thoracic cavity enlarges
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lungs expand and intra-alveolar pressure drops
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at end of inspiration
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respiratory muscles relax chest cavity returns to normal size air moves down pressure gradient out of lungs - expiration is active process during exercise (abdominal muscles contract)
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airway resistance
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increase in airway radius decreases resistance an increases airflow
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brain stem
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medullary respiratory- basic rhythm, origin of nerves that supply inspiratory muscles for normal breathing, origin of nerves in inspir and expir for high rates of ventilation
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apnuestic and penumotaxic centers in pons
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positive and negative systymes to regulate APs in inspiratory to ensure smooth breathing
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voluntary control of breathing
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cerebral cortex sends impules to motor neurons in spinal cord that supply respiratoy muscles
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nephrons
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functional unit of kidneys - outer region renal cortex, inner region renal medulla
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