Physiological Final Ch 1

Front 1

Having camouflage that matches an animal's typical surrounding due to selective distribution of melanocytic pigments throughout the animals skin and fur is an example of a(n) ____________ explanation.

Back 1

a physiological explanation

Front 2

According to your textbook, one operational definition of consciousness is based on our ability to...

Back 2

describe our experience

Front 3

Having camouflage that matches an animal's typical surroundings in order to provide protection from predators is an example of a(n) ____________ explanation.

Back 3

functional

Front 4

If a person believes that hormones released at different stages of the menstrual cycle affect a person's mood, then it would be considered a(n) ______________ explanation.

Back 4

physiological

Front 5

Brain imaging studies on consciousness suggest that the major difference in the brain between conscious and unconscious perception is the...

Back 5

amount of brain activation

Front 6

Jill is interested in studying how hormones influence sexual behavior of rats. Jill is most likely a...

Back 6

biological psychologist

Front 7

If you believe the mind and the brain to be separate but somehow interact with each other, you would be considered a...

Back 7

dualist

Front 8

An evolutionary explanation of why we get goose bumps when cold is that...

Back 8

we inherited the mechanism from our remote ancestors with more hair

Front 9

A monist believes that mind and body are...

Back 9

the same thing

Front 10

Chocolate can be described in terms of the chemicals that comprise it or in terms of how good it tastes. These different descriptions of the same thing are comparable to how differently some people describe mental processes and brain activities according to...

Back 10

the identity position

Front 11

The primary difference between biological psychologists and neuroscientists is that neuroscientists place greater emphasis on studying...

Back 11

both chemistry and anatomy

Front 12

Chalmers' fundamental "hard problem" is...

Back 12

why and how brain activity is associated with consciousness

Front 13

The primary difference between biological psychologists and neuroscientists is that biological psychologists place greater emphasis on studying...

Back 13

behavior

Front 14

Biological psychologists are primarily interested in the...

Back 14

"animal roots" of behavior

Front 15

Which of the following is TRUE about genetic drift?

Back 15

it occurs more often in small populations

Front 16

The belief that everything is physical is...

Back 16

materialism

Front 17

Understanding how genes, nutrition, and experiences work together to produce a tendency toward a particular sexual orientation is an example of a(n) _____________ explanation.

Back 17

ontogenic

Front 18

Solipsism is the position that...

Back 18

I alone have a consciousness

Front 19

Two people arguing over whether or not a rat has conscious experiences are arguing about...

Back 19

the problem of other minds

Front 20

Dualism is the belief that...

Back 20

the mind and body are different in substance

Front 21

Dr. Slide's research emphasizes understanding the anatomical pathways in the cortex and neurotransmitters they release. Dr. Slide is most likely a...

Back 21

neuroscientist

Front 22

Having comouflage that matches an animal's typical surroundings due to a change in color patterns as the young animal matures is an example of a(n) ___________ explanation.

Back 22

ontogenic

Front 23

Having camouflage that matches an animal's typical surroundings because this provided a survival and reproductive advantage to previous generations is an example of a(n) ____________ explanation.

Back 23

evolutionary

Front 24

For Descartes, the most problematic issue facing dualism was...

Back 24

how an immaterial mind could influence a physical brain

Front 25

If you were unsure whether or not the physical world really exists outside of your mind, you would be considered a(n)...

Back 25

mentalist

Front 26

Interruption of the production of RNA would directly affect which of the following?

Back 26

protein synthesis

Front 27

Being born with long fingers may make it more likely that you’ll be invited to play a stringed instrument, which would increase amount of time you practice the instrument, which would increase the chance of you playing in a famous orchestra. The magnification of this genetic advantage (having long fingers) by the environment is known as the:

Back 27

multiplier effect

Front 28

Why do children with PKU become mentally retarded?

Back 28

unmetabolized amino acids accumulate and affect the brain

Front 29

In one family, all three children are homozygous for a recessive gene. What can be concluded about the parents?

Back 29

each parent is either homozygous for the recessive gene or heterozygous

Front 30

Genes located on the sex chromosomes are called:

Back 30

sex-linked

Front 31

Recessive genes manifest their effects only when the individual is ____ for them.

Back 31

homozygous

Front 32

An autosomal gene is a gene

Back 32

on any chromosome other than the X or Y chromosome

Front 33

When organisms help those they recognize as capable of returning the favor, this is termed

Back 33

reciprocal altruism

Front 34

Chromosomes consist of large, double-stranded molecules of

Back 34

DNA

Front 35

For natural selection to generate evolutionary change in a population

Back 35

the differences must have a hereditary basis

Front 36

A trait not expressed when combined with a dominant trait is called a(n) ____ trait.

Back 36

recessive

Front 37

What contributes to an overestimation of heritability?

Back 37

ignoring the effect of the prenatal environment

Front 38

Kin selection as an explanation for altruistic behavior would argue that:

Back 38

individuals spread their genes by helping their family

Front 39

Chemically, what is the route from genes to their expression?

Back 39

DNA to RNA to protein

Front 40

In general, when biologists speak of sex-linked genes they are referring to genes on:

Back 40

the X chromosome

Front 41

Suppose "A" is a dominant gene and "a" is a recessive gene. One parent has genes Aa and the other parent has genes aa. What genes will the children probably have?

Back 41

Half will be Aa and half will be aa

Front 42

RNA is

Back 42

A complementary copy of one strand of a DNA molecule

Front 43

Suppose all people with blonde hair have blue eyes and all people with dark hair have brown eyes. Which of the following would be the most likely explanation?

Back 43

hair and eye color are on the same chromosome

Front 44

Enzymes serve as ____.

Back 44

biological catalysts that regulate chemical reactions in the body

Front 45

Which of the following pairs of sex chromosomes would be found in a normal male mammal?

Back 45

XY

Front 46

If a group of individuals shares a highly similar environment, what effect does this have on the heritability estimate of a characteristic?

Back 46

heritability will be high

Front 47

Sex-limited genes are found on

Back 47

any chromosomes

Front 48

Almost all humans have 23 pairs of which of the following?

Back 48

chromosomes

Front 49

A strand of DNA serves as a template (model) for the synthesis of ____.

Back 49

RNA

Front 50

Most mutations produce:

Back 50

recessive genes

Front 51

What supports the argument that humans have NOT stopped evolving?

Back 51

evolution is based on the rate of reproduction so as long as some people have more children their genes will spread

Front 52

Why is a genetic explanation for altruism problematic?

Back 52

altruistic behaviors rarely benefit the individual performing them

Front 53

Suppose that adopted children are more similar to their biological parents than their adoptive parents in their preferences for a flavor of ice cream. What is true about the heritability of the trait?

Back 53

heritability of this trait is high

Front 54

If a characteristic is controlled by an X-linked recessive gene, it produces its apparent effects more often in males or females?

Back 54

more often in males

Front 55

How is it possible to prevent the mental retardation that is generally associated with PKU?

Back 55

mental retardation associated with PKU can be prevented
through the diet

Front 56

Suppose "A" is a dominant gene for the ability to taste phenylthiocarbamide and "a" is a recessive gene for inability to taste it. Which of the following couples could possibly have both a child who tastes it and a child who does not?

Back 56

Father Aa and Mother Aa

Front 57

Units of heredity that maintain their structural identity from one generation to another are:

Back 57

genes

Front 58

Breeding particular cows together to create offspring that produce more milk is an example of:

Back 58

artificial selection

Front 59

Changes in single genes are called?

Back 59

Mutations

Front 60

A gene is found that controls the age at which a man grows bald, if at all. That gene seldom affects women, even if they have the gene. What kind of gene is this MOST likely to be?

Back 60

sex-limited genes

Front 61

Color vision deficiency is more common in males than in females because it is controlled by a:

Back 61

recessive X-linked genes

Front 62

For a group of individuals, the heritability score for a particular trait = .5. What can be said about the heredity of this trait?

Back 62

hereditary differences account for some of the observed differences for this group of individuals

Front 63

Generationally changing frequencies of various genes in the population is necessary in the concept of _________.

Back 63

evolution

Front 64

The function of an Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee is to:

Back 64

evaluate proposed experiments to ensure that they minimize pain and discomfort

Front 65

When it comes to animal research, minimalists believe that:

Back 65

Some animal research is acceptable, but not all

Front 66

Which of the following is NOT a reason that biological psychologists study animals?

Back 66

one does not have to consider ethical issues with animals

Front 67

How do most biological psychologists feel regarding the use of animals in research?

Back 67

They use animals only if the potential benefits to humans outweigh the costs to the animals.

Front 68

Which statement about most psychological experiments using nonhuman animals is correct?

Back 68

The research is regulated by animal care committees.