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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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abdominal recti muscle
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pushes diaphragm up
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internal intercostals
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pulls ribs down
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inspiratory area
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-located in dorsal portion of medulla
-intrensic exciteablility of inspiratory neurons--> transmit via motor neurons signals to diaphragm --> contracts |
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pneumotaxic center
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pontine resp. group
-transmits inhibitory signals to inspiratory area - turns off inspiration -prevents overfilling of lungs with excess air |
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Hering Breuer Reflex
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stretch receptors in walls of bronchi and bronchioles
-if overstretched they send inhibitory signals via vagus nerve to dorsal neurons -stops inspiration preventing excess lung inflation |
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apneustic center
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lower part of pons
-sends signals to the inspiratory area to prevent turning off of inspiration allowing lungs to fill to maximum |
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two purposes of pleura fluid
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1. lubrication
2. cohesive force |
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visceral pleura
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hugs the lungs
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parietal pleura
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lines the cheast wall and walls of thoracic cavity
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chest wall tends to recoil __________
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outward, favoring expansion
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lungs tend to recoil _________
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inward, favoring collapse
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what happens when air is introduced into the pleural cavity?
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lose negative pressure d/t elastic recoil of the lungs (inward) --> collapsed lung
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filtration
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from glomerular capillaries into bowmans capsule
blood --> tubules |
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reabsorption
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from renal tubules back into blood
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secretion
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from blood to renal tubules
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excretion
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from tubules into toilet
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where do glomerular capillaries receive blood from?
where do they empty? |
afferent arterioles
empty into the efferent arterioles |
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Where do peritubular capillaries receive blood from?
where do the empty? |
efferent capillaries
empty into veins |
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pressure bed?
glomerular vs. peritubular |
glom - high pressure bed ~45- 60 mmHg
peritubular-low pressure bed ~13 mmHg |
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vasa recta
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specialized portion of peritubular capillaries that descend down around the lower portions of the JM loops of Henle
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Major site of resistance to blood flow
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efferent arteriole
teeny tiny (decreased radius) |
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GFR - Glomerular filtration rate
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quantity of glomerular filtrate formed each minute, normally ~180-190 L/day
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atelectasis
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collapse of an alveoli
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surfactant
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lowers the normal surface tension forces by counteracting/opposing the attraction force
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decrease surfactant --> increase surface tension --> increased pressure ---->
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increased work of breathing
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Hyaline Membrane Disease
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lack of surfactant at birth
-occurs with premature births because during 9th month there is an increase in glucocorticoids that are responsible for accelerating maturation of surfactant |
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What decreases surfactant??
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-smokeing
-obstruction of pulmoary circultaion i.e. clot or surgery -long term use of 100% oxygen |
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alveolar edema
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alveoli is filled with fluid
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