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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Pheochromcytoma
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catacholamine secreting tumor in adrenal medulla. Increase CO and TPR = sustained hypertens
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Hyperaldosteronism
(conn's) |
aldosterone secreting adenoma or bilateral adrenal hyperplasia. increased BV, alkalosis, hypokalemia
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cushings
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Excess productions of glucocorticoids.mineralocorticoid -like effects effect
of adrenergic receptors |
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Hyperinsulinemia
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increases SNS activity
stimulates vascular smooth muscle hypertrophy directly or by platelet-derived growth factors |
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Obesity link (“android” obesity)
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release of angiotensinogen from adipocytes. Increased BV, increase blood viscosity
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Vasoconstrictors
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SNS a1, Ang II, ADH, ATP, endothelin (AFFerent)
» decrease RBF and GFR. |
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Vasodilators
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(ANP), glucocorticoids, NO,
prostaglandins |
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Angiotensin II
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stimulates Na+-H+ exchange across apical membrane
– increases Na+ reabsorption and H+ secretion |
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SNS activity
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Sympathetic nerve activity
– stimulates Na+ reabsorption |
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Parathyroid hormone
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– inhibits Na+-phosphate cotransport
– increases urinary excretion of phosphate |
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Osmotic Diuresis
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increased loss of h20 and
electrolytes in urine. Excess unreabsorbed solute (e.g., mannitol) inhibits osmotic water flow from lumen to basolateral spaces. |
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OCT
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cations
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OAT (anions)
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tertiary active transport
PAH for a-KG,. PAH leaves via a PAH-anion antiporter. |
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Early Distal Convoluted Tubule
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NO Na+,K+,2Cl- transporter
There is a thiazide-sensitive (diuretic) NaCl transporter not permeable to water = diluting segment |
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Late DT and collecting duct
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Principle cells- resorb Na/sec K
*ADH increases # of channels Intercalated cells- secr H/resorb K |
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Collecting Tubule
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water/urea balance
ADH inserts aquaporins = more H20 resorbed |
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Aldosterone Antagonists
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Spironolactone
Action: competitive inhibition of aldosterone on collecting tubule: – sodium remains in the tubule and acts as an osmotic diuretic. inhibits K+ secretion Uses: used to supplement other diuretics in treatment of edema to prevent K+ wasting. |
