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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Electrical synapses
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directly coupled via gap junction that allows passive ion flow. Minimal transmission delay; allows synchrony btw groups of neurons/glial cells
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Chemical synapse - fast
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Ionotropic, ligand-gated ion channels; can be excitatory/inhibitory
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Fast chemical synapse - reason for delay
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Time for Ca channels to open, for snare complex to change conformation, for vesicles to fuse with membrane. Diffusion of NT not a major reason for delay.
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Chemical synapse - slow
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metabotropic, GPCR mediated, 2nd messenger to effect ion channel.
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Slow chemical synapse - reason for delay
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multiple steps btw NT binding and modulation of ion channel
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Acetylcholine production/destruction
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synthesized by Choline Acetyltransferase; Broken down by acetylcholinesterase
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Ach functions
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excitatory NT; Memory, movement, sleep & arousal, reward
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Ach distribution
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@ motor neurons of spinal cord (NMJ); in sympathetic and PS nervous system
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Glutamate
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Most important excitatory NT in CNS. made in nerve terminals by glutaminase
Located throughout the CNS |
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Glutamate distribution
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Memory, cardiovascular and respiratory function, spinal reflexes, pain perception, etc…
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GABA
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Major inhibitory NT in CNS; synthesized by glutamic acid decarboxylase in nerve terminals
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GABA distribution
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Found predominantly in interneurons - located throughout the CNS
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GABA function
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Sedation & muscle relaxation, cardiovascular and
respiratory function, spinal reflexes, pain perception |
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Glycine
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key inhibitory NT in spinal cord/brainstem
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Catecholamines
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dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine; all made from tyrosine
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Dopamine
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Neurons originate in Substantia nigra; derived from tyrosine
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Dopamine functions
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motor control, reward & reinforcement (addiction), motivation
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Norepinephrine
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key excitatory NT of sympathetic NS
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epinephrine
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key excitatory NT of sympathetic NS
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Serotonin
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A monoamine; synthesized from tryptophan; excitatory NT
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Serotonin functions
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sleep & arousal, pain perception, food intake, emotions, mood, temperature
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Neuropeptides
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made from AA in cell body, packaged into vesicles by golgi and transported to active zones.
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Excitatory NT at fast chemical synapse
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Na or Ca influx; depolarizes cell.
Glut (main in CNS), Ach (@ NMJ), Serotonin |
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Inhibitory NT at fast chemical synapse
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Cl influx; hyperpolarizes cell.
GAPA (forebrain) and Glycine (brainstem, spinal cord) |
