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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Formula for water balance & relevance...
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Input-Output=balance
=1100 steady state greater>1000= Negative Water Balance less <1000 = Positive Water Balance |
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Filtration Fraction=
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Golmular Filtration Rate/Renal Plasma Flow
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What factor allows you to calculate renal plasma flow?
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Calculate the Clearance of Para-aminohippurate
= C PAH = (U PAH )(V) / P PAH |
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What is the formula for Renal Plasma Flow?
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(1-Hct) x Renal blood flow
or Caluclatw PAH clearance |
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What is the formula for renal blood flow?
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RBF=Renal Plasma Flow/(1-Hct)
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Glomular Filtation Rate is equal to what other factors?
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creatinine clearance or inulin clearance
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Glomular Filtration Rate =
(Frank Starling Equations) |
= Kf [(P GC - P BC ) - (iiGC - iiBC )]
or = Kf x net filtration pressure (NFP) |
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Net filtration pressure (NFP)=
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[(P GC - P BC ) - (iiGC - iiBC )]
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Filtered Load=
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Glomular Filtration rate x Plasma Concentration
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Excretion rate= (What units?)
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mg/min
Urine Concentration(U) x Urine rate(V) or Filtered Load + (Secretion Rate-Resorption Rate) |
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Glomular Filtration Rate in relation to Excretion Rate...
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GFR=(Ux)(V)/P
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Creatine Clearance
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C(cr) = Ucr x Urine Rate/Pcr
(Which is also = to GFR!) |
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Clearance Equation and Result interpretation
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Cx= (Ux)(V)/Px
If Cx > GFR then molecule is secreted If Cx < GFR then molecule is Reabsorbed |
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Clearance Ratio and significance
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Cx/Cinulin
1.0= Good GFR Marker <1.0=not filtered, or filtered and reabsorbed >1.0 filtered and secreted |
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Transport Rate Equation, Units, and significance
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Tx= Filtered Load - Excretion Rate
+indicates reabsorption -indicates secretion |
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Fractional Excretion and result interpretation
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excretion rate/filtered load
FE<1 Reabsorption FE>1 secretion |
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TF/Px Ratio Interpretation
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1=reabsorption proportional to H20 reabsorption
<1= reabsorption of substance greater than water >1=reabsorption of substance has been less than water of there is net secretion of the substance |
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Tm Interpretation
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Tm=tubular Maximum (mg.min)
Max rate of solute transport below Tm-FL is reabsorbed portion above Tm= excreted |
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Free Water Clearance
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C(h2o)= V-C(osm)
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What is Osmolar Clearence (def?)
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Osmolar clearance (C osm ) is the ml/min
of blood plasma cleared of osmotically active particles. |
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What is the formula for Osmplar Clearance?
What is the normal range? |
C osm = U osm V /P osm
Normal C osm = 1 to 2 ml/min |
Reduced C osm
– Positive osmolar balance - gaining osmoles Increased C osm – “Dumping” osmolytes, leads to a loss of ECF. |
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What is the The Henderson-Hasselbalch eq to calculate blood pH?
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normal plasma values (acid base)
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pH: 7.4 ± 0.05
HCO 3-: 24 ± 2 mEq/L PCO 2 : 40 ± 5 mmHg |
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Anion gap Formula and Normal Range
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AG = [Na+] - ([Cl-] - [HCO 3-]) Know the normal range (8-16 mM).
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Law of Mass Action
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o For each 10 mmHg decrease in PCO 2 , HCO 3- will decrease 2 mEq/L
o For each 10 mmHg increase in PCO 2 , HCO 3- will increase 1 mEq/L |
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What is the significance of the Anion Gap Measurement?
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The anion gap is a calculation method used to aid in the differential diagnosis of metabolic acidosis.
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Causes of Metabolic Acidosis
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KUSSMAL
Ketones: (Vomiting, high protein, diabetic ketoasidos, alcoholoc KA, Starvation Uremea: (from renal failure) S:Salicylate S: Septic M: Methanol A: Aldehyde or All others L: lactica Acid |
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Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis
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H+ Loss of HCO3-Gain
Ingestion of alkali (e.g., antacids). Hyperaldosteronism (e.g., Conn’s syndrome high aldosterone levels stimulate H + loss (next panel). ECF volume contraction: |
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What are some causes of ECF volume contraction? What can it result in?
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• Vomiting: lose HCl, fluid and K + ,
• Nasogastric suction: as above, • Loop or thiazide diuretics: lose fluid and K + Metabolic Alkalosis |
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How do you calculate MAP?( 2)
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diastolic + 1/3 pulse pressure
MAP=CO x TPR |
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C H2O=
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V - C osm
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If C H2O is negative=
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solute-free water is
being conserved by the body. |
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C H2O is positive=
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then solute-free water is
being lost from the body and a dilute urine is being formed |
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