Physio-Large Intestine

Front 1

Under relatively higher pressure than other sections of the colon and hence more likely to develop diverticulitis

Back 1

Sigmoid colon

Front 2

Absence of these can be indication of range of disease conditions

Back 2

Haustration

Front 3

Both _______ and ________ of cecum, ascending and transverse colon take place

Back 3

segmental
mass action contractions

Front 4

_________ are important for mixing, exposing contents to mucosa to increase absorption

Back 4

Segmental contractions

Front 5

________ contractions are infrequent (3-4 times daily), occur over large segments to propel contents to rectum

Back 5

Mass action

Front 6

_________(local concentrations of segmental contractions) cease just before mass action contractions

Back 6

Haustrations

Front 7

Contractions regulated by _________(primary influence) and extrinsic autonomic nerves and gastroileal reflex

Back 7

- gastrocolic reflex

Front 8

COLLECTIVELY both the ______ and _______ reflexes act to push colon contents further along to make room for an incoming meal

Back 8

gastroileal
gastrocolic

Front 9

Colonic functions:

Back 9

1) absorb water, electrolytes from chyme (1st half)
2) store fecal matter until defecation (2nd half)

Front 10

sacs of bulging colon resulting from contraction of large intestine longitudinal and circular muscles

Back 10

Haustrations

Front 11

Fecal contents propelled through colon mostly by ________

Back 11

mass movements

Front 12

________ myenteric plexus signals relax anal internal sphincter

Back 12

Inhibitory

Front 13

alkaline and HCO3-
functions for protection and lubrication

Back 13

MUCUS

Front 14

CO2, methane (CH4) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S)
Source of borborygmi (growling)

Back 14

INTESTINAL GAS (FLATUS)

Front 15

tied to metabolism by bacterial flora population

Back 15

DIGESTION

Front 16

Both sodium and chloride are absorbed in _______ portion of large intestine

Back 16

proximal

Front 17

__________ passively diffuses across both apical (luminal) and basolateral membranes

Back 17

Potassium

Front 18

ingested ____ is actively transported into enterocytes, while ____ produced by bacterial metabolism is passively absorbed

Back 18

K1
K2

Front 19

Large intestine, in additions to storage function, uses microbes (bacterial flora) to synthesize ________ and some B vitamins

Back 19

vitamin K

Front 20

Chronic antibiotic administration can affect K synthesis and ability of blood _____

Back 20

to clot

Front 21

75% H20, 25% solid matter

Back 21

Fecal composition

Front 22

Rectal distension causes internal sphincter to relax by way of the _______

Back 22

rectophincteric reflex