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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is produced in the islets of Langerhans?
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- alpha -> glucagon
- beta -> insulin - delta -> somatostatin |
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what is produced by pancreatic acini
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-digestive enzymes
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how does glucose stim insulin secretion?
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-produces ATP in beta cells
-> inhibits ATP sensitive K+ channels -> beta cell membrane is depolarized -> voltage gated Ca++ channels open -> Ca++ enters cell, inducing insulin secretion |
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how does insulin induce cellular glucose uptake
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-binds to its receptor (2 alpha insulin recognition units, 2 beta tyrosine kinase units)
->cascade of phosphorylations ->glucose transporter protein is inserted into membrane |
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glucagon:
structure mechanism (4) |
-single 3.5 kDa peptide chain
-binds to G protein receptor ->triggers cyclic AMP ->liver phosphorylase activation -> glycogen->glc |
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somatostatin:
synth'ed by structure action (2) |
-delta cells
-14AA peptide -delays absorption/metabolism by inhibits all pancreatic secretions following food ingestion -inhibits release of GH |
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adrenal medulla function
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-synth's and stores epinephrine
-releases epi when stim'ed by pre-ganglionic symp nerve |
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adrenal cortex:
regions and secretions |
(out->in)
zona glomerulosa -> mineral corticosteroids, eg. aldosterone (salt) zona fasciculata -> glucocorticoids, eg. cortisol (sugar) zona reticularis -> androgens (sex) |
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ACTH: effect (4)
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-controls synth and release of glucocorticoids
-interacts w/ membrane bound receptor -triggers transcription of genes -> increase of steroid hormone -also affects mineral corticosteroids indirectly through R-AI-AII system |
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______________ inhibits aldosterone secretion
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-atrial natriuretic hormone
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Cushing's syndrome:
def causes symptoms similar to |
-excess of glucocorticoids
-due to excessive ACTH stim, or adenoma of cortex, or excessive cortisone (iatrogenic) -increased body weight, moon face, buffalo hump -weakness -sim to diabetes |
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Hyperaldosteronism:
def causes symptoms |
-excessive mineral corticoids
-due to excessive renin (2ndary), or adenoma (primary) -high bp, low K+, weakness |
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Addison's disease:
def causes symptoms |
-adrenal atrophy
-lack of pituitary stim (primary or 2ndary) -weakness, weight loss, hypotension, skin pigmentation |
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tests for adrenal function (2)
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-blood content of steroids
-content in 24hrs of urine |
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what is somatotropin
somatomedin |
-GH
-stims growth, etc -liver hormone -reg's GH |
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what is somatostatin
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-GHIH (Somatostatin growth hormone inhibiting hormone)
-inhibits somatotropin (GH)!! |
