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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What hormone(s) does the Adrenal Medulla make?
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Catecholomines/epineprhine
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What are the main hormone(s) made from the Adrenal Cortex , along with their appropriate zones, make?
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Z Reticularis - the androgens
Z. Fas. - Cortisol Z. Glomerulosa - Aldosterone |
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What are the 3 zones in the Adrenal Cortex?
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from central (inward) to periphery (outward) - Zona Reticularis, Z. Fasciculata and Z. Glomerulosa
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What regulates androgen & cortisol AND aldosterone?
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Androgen and Cortisol is regulated by ACTH while aldosterone by Angiotensin II and K+
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Name the 6 steroid hormones from the Adrenal Cortex?
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Glucocorticoids_ Cortisol and cortisterone
Mineralcorticoids - Aldosterone and DOC Androgens - dehydroeplandrsoterone and endrostenedione |
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What is the primary regulator of Aldosterone?
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renin-angiotensin system
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What are the 3 functions of Aldosterone?
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1)to increase Na+ reabsorption by the kidney via increasing the gene expression of proteins such as Na transporters (on apical surface) and Na/ATPase (basolateral surface)
2) increase K+ excretion 3)increase H+ excretion OVERALL: conserve body Na+ and maintain extracellular fluid volume |
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Explain how renin-angiotensin works?
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1. renin released and catalizes RLS, syn of Angiotensin II which stimulates Gq protein coupled receptors. These activate Phospholipase C which activates IP3 pathway which causes increase in Ca++ and then increases Aldosterone Synthase activity. STAR is induced by a Ca++-calmodulin-dependent mechanism.
AII not only does above, it stimulates growth and vascularization of zona glomerulosa |
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How does K+ play a role in aldosterone synthesis?
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glomerulosa cells are sensitive to [K+] and K+ will induce Ald synthesis by activating V-G Ca++ channels
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What is the aldosterone escape?
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Na+ retention is decreased after the initial level of increased levels of aldosterone. There is nothing similar for H+ and K+ excretion
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What are other targets for aldosterone besides the kidnes?
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salivary glands, sweat glands and colon
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What is the impt of 11B-HSD2?
(11B-hydroxysteroid DH) |
Cortisol and Aldosterone bind the mineralcorticoid receptor equally and since there is 100x more cortisol than Aldosterone 11b-HSD2 inactivates cortisol to cortisone so, mr's don't get overwhelmed
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What are the main androgens?
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DHEA and androstenedione
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Do DHEA and androstenedione activate the androgen receptor?
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No, but they contribute to the pool
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What happens at age 8 to the circulating levels of androgens?
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they increase and it is called adrenarche. But this does NOT apprear to initiate puberty
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What is the primary source of androgens for males?
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testes
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What is the primary source of androgens for females?
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adrenal gland
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What do females use androgens for?
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maintain libido and growth of pubic/axillary hair
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