Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is the function of the urinary system? |
Removal of metabolic waste & foreign substance to maintain homeostasis |
|
|
What are the organs of the urinary system? |
Kidney, ureter, urinary bladder & urethra |
|
|
What is the function of the urinary tract? |
To transport urine from kidney to outside |
|
|
The urinary system can also be described as a ____ system? |
osmoregulatory |
|
|
What is the function of osmoregulation |
the maintenance of constant osmotic pressure in the fluids of an organism by the control of water and salt concentration |
|
|
What does the urinary system excrete? |
Removal of metabolic waste & foreign substance |
|
|
What is the mechanism to filter blood? |
Filter the blood, reabsorb needed chemicals, secrete some substances, and remove the concentrated metabolic wastes & foreign comounds |
|
|
What does the kidney filter? |
everything except plasma proteins, cells, & fatty acids |
|
|
What does the kidney reabsorb? |
sodium chloride, amino acids, sugar & water |
|
|
Why did this method of filtering evolve? |
provide flexibility for the food we eat and our body will not need to evolve a transport mechanism for each new chemical we ingest. Only food our body needs will be reabsorbed, rest is filtered out of our system |
|
|
What does the Urinary system regulate? |
Maintenance of solute concentration, body fluid volume & osmolarity, assist in pH balance & endocrine cells produce renin & erythropoeitin |
|
|
In the glomerulus capillaries, what are the 3 filtration layers? |
fenestrated epithelial cells, basement membrane, & podocytes forming filtration slits |
|
|
When blood exit the glomerulus and enters the lumen of Bowman's capsule, what is the new name for blood? |
pre-urine filtrate |
|
|
In the nephron, the region where efferent & afferen arteriole come in contact with DCT is called? |
juxtaglomerular apparatus |
|
|
Waht cells make up the JAG apparatus? |
JAG cells + Macula densa |
|
|
Where are JAG cells derived? |
smooth muscle cells of afferent arteriole |
|
|
Where are Macula densa group of cells derived? |
simple cuboidal epithelial cells of DCT |
|
|
What are the two types of nephrons? |
Cortical nephron & Juxtamedullary nephron |
|
|
What is the capillary bed associated with cortical nephron? |
peritubular capillary |
|
|
What is the capillary bed associated with juxtameduallary nephron? |
vasa recta |
|
|
What are the 4 processes to urine formation? |
filtration, re-absorption, secretion, concentration |
|
|
In filtration of blood to pre-urine filtrate, what are the 3 forces involved? f |
Blood pressure, osmotic force & fluid pressure within Bowman's capsule |
|
|
In re-absorption of pre-urine filtrate, what is the name of the mechanism? |
epithelial transport |
|
|
In Epithelial transport, what are the transport proteins? |
Co-transporter, Na/K pump, & carrier protein |
|
|
With a transport protein, what is the term explaining the point at which increases in concentration of a substance do not result in an increase in movement of a substance across a cell membrane? |
transport maximum |
|
|
In epithelial transport, what substances are returned to blood? |
sugar, amino acids, chlorine, Na, & water |
|
|
In epithelial transport, what is the sequence of transporters? |
Co-tranporter of sugar & amino acids; Na/K pump; Cl follow Na by electrostatic attraction; Water follows by osmosis through aquaporin |
|
|
In the formation of urine, what are 3 substances that are secreted? |
H- ions, K+ ions, & organic acids |
|
|
Why are H- ion re-absorbed? |
Actively secretes into filtrate H- ions to balance pH to prevent damaging CNS |
|
|
Why are K+ ion re-absorbed? |
Actively secretes K+ ions to balance K+ to prevent denaturing of proteins |
|
|
Why are organic acids secreted? |
Actively attaches organic acids to special transporter to be excreted via urine |
|
|
In the concentration of urine, what does the kidney regulate? |
water |
|
|
In the concentration of urine, what are the three mechanisms used to concentrate urine? |
counter current multiplier, counter current exchanger, & negative feedback loop for water |
|
|
In the concentration of urine, what are the three structures involved with the concentration of urine? |
Loop of Henle, Vasa recta, Collecting duct |
|
|
In the concentration of urine, how does each structure relate to the gradient of salt in the ICF? |
Loop of Henle creates the gradient, Vasa recta maintain gradient, collecting duct uses the gradient |
|
|
In the concentration of urine, what is the main idea for loop of Henle? |
transport & permeability of ascending & descending loop of Henle. Ascending loop is permeable to water, descending loop is non-permeable to water with Na channels |
|
|
In the concentration of urine, what is the main ideas for vasa recta? |
where are salt and water going, gradient will move water out as the arterioles descend and move water in as arterioles ascend. |
|
|
in the concentration of urine, what is the main ideas for collecting duct? |
ADH and insertion of aquaporin |
