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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Scientific method |
an orderly method for gaining, organizing, and applying new knowledge
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Hypothesis
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an educated guess; a reasonable explanation for an observation or experiment result that is not fully accepted as factual until tested over and over again by experiment
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fact
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a close agreement by competent observers by a series of observations of the same phenomena
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principle
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a general hypothesis or statement about the relationship of natural quantities that has been tested over and over again and has not been contradicted; also known as law
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law
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principle
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theory
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a synthesis of a large body information that encompasses well-tested and verified hypothesis’ about aspects of the natural world
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Force
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any influence that takes to accelerate an object; push or pull; measured in newtons; a vector quantity
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Net force
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the combination of all forces that act on an object
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Vector quantity
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a quantity, such as in physics, force, that has both magnitude and direction
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Scalar quantity
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a quantity, such as in physics, mass, volume, and time, that can be completely specified by its magnitude, and has no direction
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Mechanical equilibrium
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a state in which no physical change occurs
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Resultant vector
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the vector sum of two or more component vectors
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Inertia
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the property of any body to resist changes in its state of motion; measured by mass
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Mass
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a measure of an object’s inertia also the measure of matter inside an object, depends on only the amount and kind of particles that compose an object not on its location
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Friction
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the force that acts to resist the relative motion (or attempted motion) of objects or materials that are in contact
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Relative
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regarded in relation to something else. Depends on point of view or reference
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Speed
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how fast something is moving; he path distance moved per time; the magnitude of the velocity vector
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instantaneous speed
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speed at any instant of time
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average speed
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path distance divided by interval
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Velocity
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speed together with the direction of motion
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magnitude
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absolute "size" of a quantity, ignoring other details like sign and direction
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Acceleration
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the rate at which velocity is changing,the change may be in magnitude, direction, or both.
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Free fall
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motion under the influence of gravitational force only
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elapsed time
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the time that has passed since the beginning of an event
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Air resistance
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friction, or drag, that acts on something moving through the air
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resolution
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the process of resolving a vector in components
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Projectile
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any object that moves through the air or space, acted on only by gravity
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Newton’s second law
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the acceleration produced by a net force on a body is directly proportional to the magnitude of the net force, is in the same direction as the net force, and is inversely proportional to the mass of the body
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Pressure
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force per unit surface area where the force is perpendicular to the surface; measured in pascals
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Terminal speed
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the speed at which the acceleration of a falling object is zero because friction balances the weight
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interactions
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a mutual action between objects where each object exerts an equal or opposite force on the other object
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Newton’s 3rd law
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whenever one body exerts a force on another body,the second body exerts an equal and opposite force on the one body
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Momentum
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the product of the mass and the velocity of the object; has magnitude and direction
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impulse
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product of force and time interval during which the force acts; momentum change
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Law of conservation of momentum
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in the absence of an external force; the momentum of an object or systems of objects is unchanged
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elastic
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term applied to a material that returns to its original shape after being stretched or compressed
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inelastic
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term that applies to material that does not return to its original shape after it has been stretched or compressed
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Work
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the product of the force on an object and the distance of which the object is moved; causes change; measured in joules
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Power
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rate at which work is done
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Mechanical energy
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the energy due to the movement or position of an object; potential or kinetic energy
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Potential energy
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energy that is stored
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energy
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the property of an object or a system that enables it to do work; measured in joules
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joules
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the SI units of work and of all other forms of energy
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kinetic energy
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the energy of motion
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Work-energy theorem
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the theorem that states whenever work is done, energy changes
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law of conservation of energy
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energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred
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Machines
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a device for increasing a force or simply changing the direction of a force
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levers
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a simple machine that uses a bar as a lift
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pulleys
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a type of lever that has a wheel with a groove in its rim, which is used to change the direction of a force exerted by a rope or cable
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efficiency
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in a machine, the ratio of useful energy output to total energy input, or the percentage of the work input
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mechanical advantage
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the ratio of output force to input force for a machine
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centripetal
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a center directed force that causes an object to moved to a curved path
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inverse square law
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a physical quantity varies inversely as another quantity squared
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inversely proportional
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when two values change in opposite directions, so that if one increases, the other decreases |
