Physics Semester Exam

Front 1

conduction

Back 1

when 2 substances are in direct contact

Front 2

convection

Back 2

energy/heat of the air around you

Front 3

radiation

Back 3

energy/heat that doesn't meed a medium to pass through

Front 4

how is temp. and KE related?

Back 4

faster the particles move, hotter the substance

Front 5

temperature measures ___

Back 5

average KE of the particles in a substance

Front 6

latent heat

Back 6

heat needed to vaporize or steam a substance

Front 7

how a microwave works

Back 7

heats up the substance inside due to mass, temperature, and volume. translation, rotational, and vibrational.

Front 8

principle of conservation of energy takes internal energy into account

Back 8

mechanical energy not always conserved. when change in internal energy is taken into account along with changes in KE and PE, total energy is conserved

Front 9

Phase change

Back 9

when a substance changes from states (gas, solid, liquid) and there is no temp. change during these phase changes

Front 10

80 C pan placed on block of 15 C porcelain. What can you say about temp of the objects when they are in thermal equilibrium?

Back 10

due to conduction, since they are in direct contact, the thermal equilibrium will be somewhere inbetween 80 C and 15 C

Front 11

thermal expansion and thermometer relation

Back 11

thermal expansion makes alcohol or mercury substance in thermometer either expand or shrink according to colder or warmer temperatures, therefore showing us the 'temperature' of the substance

Front 12

how does a thermometer indicate the temperature of an object?

Back 12

when you put the thermometer in lets say water, the heat/coldness of the water will make the alcohol or mercury inside the thermometer either expand or shrink, showing us the temperature. (shrink for cold, expand for heat)

Front 13

geothermal heating system in summer and winter

Back 13

Winter: ground is cold. air from house goes down into heating system and heat is transferred from cold to hot, then the hot air will rise to the house.
Summer: ground is hot. air from house goes down into heating system and transfers heat so new colder air will rise to the house.

Front 14

Direction energy is transferred as heat between two objects at different temperatures

Back 14

from object of higher temperature to lower temperature

Front 15

materials that easily transfer energy as heat

Back 15

conductional materials

Front 16

position of oscillating mass-spring system when KE of mass is at its maximum

Back 16

at equilibrium of the cycle

Front 17

stretched or compressed spring stores ____ potential energy

Back 17

elastic

Front 18

Top of a waveform called __

Back 18

crest

Front 19

distance between the top of a wave and equilibrium

Back 19

amplitude

Front 20

why it's possible for two waves passing through a medium to occupy the same space at the same time

Back 20

they are displacements of matter

Front 21

term k in Felastic=-kx represents

Back 21

spring constant

Front 22

longitudinal wave motion

Back 22

particles of the wave vibrate parallel to the direction of the waves motion

Front 23

principle stating that two waves combine when they meet

Back 23

superposition

Front 24

transverse wave motion

Back 24

particles of the wave vibrate perpendicular to the direction of the waves motion

Front 25

mechanical waves require a ______ to pass through

Back 25

medium

Front 26

feature of a wave that increases when the source of vibration increases in energy

Back 26

amplitude

Front 27

why is a can not moved when a boat produces a wave that passes the can floating in a lake

Back 27

the boat is creating a standing wave that is unmoving

Front 28

motion of a metronome is an example of what motion?

Back 28

simple harmonic motion

Front 29

term that describes the measure of useful energy taken out of a process relative to the total energy put into the process

Back 29

efficiency

Front 30

how energy is transferred as heat during the part of an engine cycle when the engine does work on the environment and during the part of the cycle when work is done on the engine

Back 30

heat compressed and taken in, ignited, expanded, exhausted, and then goes out as fuel. engine does work on the environment when heat is taken in. Work is done on the engine when heat is exhausted as fuel.

Front 31

Why must work be done to reduce entropy in most systems?

Back 31

or else the entropy will become to large. doing work reduces the entropy in systems, keeping them at a normal and easily controllable factor.

Front 32

what happens when work is done on a gas confined in a cylinder with a piston?

Back 32

volume of gas decreases

Front 33

When a mechanic pushes down very quickly on the plunger of an insulated pump so that no air escapes, the thermal dynamic process that takes place is ______. what type of energy transfer and change occurs?

Back 33

adiabatic. no energy is transferred into or out of the system as heat. Work is done on the air in the system, causing the internal energy of the air to increase

Front 34

how heat and work are similar

Back 34

both are energies transferred to or from a system

Front 35

adiabatic process

Back 35

work is done on or by a system, but no energy is transferred to or from the system as heat

Front 36

isovolumetric process

Back 36

no work is done on or by the system because of a no volume change

Front 37

how can the internal energy of a system be increased

Back 37

when there is heat transferred as energy in a system or energy added to the system as heat

Front 38

adiabatic process

Back 38

Q=0, so U=-W

Front 39

isothermal

Back 39

constant temperature so internal energy of a system remains unchanged

Front 40

isothermal

Back 40

T=0, so U=0; therefore U=Q-W=0 or Q=W

Front 41

way heat is transferred

Back 41

high to low

Front 42

can heat ever be completely converted into work?

Back 42

no

Front 43

increase in temperature of a gas that is kept at constant volume means energy has been _____

Back 43

added as heat to the gas

Front 44

when a systems disorder increases, there is _____________

Back 44

less energy available to do work

Front 45

increases in entropy are always _______ than the decreases

Back 45

greater

Front 46

if a heat engine has an efficiency of 50%, does the amount of energy exhausted as heat equal the energy added to the engine as heat?

Back 46

no

Front 47

cyclic process

Back 47

system returns to the same conditions under which it started

Front 48

isovolumetric

Back 48

constant volume so that no work is done on or by the system

Front 49

isolated system

Back 49

Q=W=0, so U=0 and Ui=Uf

Front 50

what gas quantity increases when it does positive work on its surroundings?

Back 50

volume

Front 51

work done for a cycle of a heat engine

Back 51

Wnet=Qh-Qc

Front 52

isovolumetric process

Back 52

V=0, so PV=0 and W=0; therefore, U=Q

Front 53

high temperature is related to

Back 53

high particle kinetic energy

Front 54

temperature of a system in thermal equilibrium with another system made up of ice and water

Back 54

273 K

Front 55

relationship between two systems in thermal equilibrium

Back 55

no net energy exchanged

Front 56

cause of substance's temperature increase

Back 56

KE is added to particles of the substance

Front 57

form of KE that occurs within a molecule when bonds are stretched or bent

Back 57

vibrational

Front 58

heat

Back 58

transfer of energy

Front 59

during a phase change, temperature _____________

Back 59

remains constant

Front 60

as temperature of a substance increases, its volume tends to increase due to _______

Back 60

thermal expansion

Front 61

fewest number of nodes a standing wave can have

Back 61

2

Front 62

transverse wave

Back 62

particles of the medium vibrate perpendicularly to the direction of the waves motion

Front 63

compressed or stretched spring has which kind of energy?

Back 63

elastic potential

Front 64

type of wave produced if free end of a rope fixed to a post is quickly raised and lowered once

Back 64

pulse wave

Front 65

vibration of an object about an equilibrium point is called simple harmonic motion when the restoring force is proportional to

Back 65

displacement

Front 66

at max displacement, the spring force and the _____________

Back 66

acceleration reach a max

Front 67

standing waves are produced by periodic waves of

Back 67

the same frequency, amplitude, and wavelength traveling in opposite directions

Front 68

a mass attached to a spring vibrates back and forth. At equilibrium ,

Back 68

velocity reaches a max

Front 69

number of cycles or vibrations per unit of time

Back 69

frequency

Front 70

time required to complete a cycle of motion

Back 70

period