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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What properties are used to analyze fluids?
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Intensive properties, such as:
1) density 2) pressure |
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T or F: All liquids and solids are totally incompressible
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TRUE
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Specific Gravity
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SG = density(substance)/density(water)
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Density of Water
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1000 kg/m^3
OR 1 g/cm^3 |
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Fluid Pressure
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-Results from the impulse of molecular collisions
P = F/A P = [Summation](density)*(g)*(depth of fluid) |
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A Fluid at Rest
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Experiences forces only perpendicular to its surface
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Atmospheric Pressure
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101,000 Pa
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Absolute Pressure
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-Pressure measured relative to a vacuum as zero
P(abs) = P(gauge) + P(atm) |
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T or F: The shape of the container affects fluid pressure
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FALSE, pressure is a function of depth
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Pascal's Principle
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Pressure applied anywhere to an enclosed incompressible fluid will be distributed undiminished throughout that fluid.
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Bouyant Force
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An upward force acting on a submerged object, and is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the submerged object.
F = (fluid density)*V*g |
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The floating Equation
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The submerged fraction of a floating object is equal to the ratio of the density of the object to the density of the fluid in which it is floating. If the object is floating in water, this ratio is the specific gravity of the floating object:
Fraction submerged = density(floating object) / density(fluid) |
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T or F: The bouyant force does not change with depth
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TRUE! (the bouyant force is due to the difference in pressure)
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A fully submerged object displaces its __________ in fluid; a floating object displaces its _________ in fluid.
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volume, weight
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The two types of motion of the molecules of a moving fluid:
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1) Random Translational Motion - contributes to fluid pressure as in a fluid at rest
2) Uniform Translational Motion - shared equally by all molecules at a given location in a fluid |
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Ideal Fluid
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1) Has no viscosity (tendency to resist flow)
2) Incompressible 3) Lacks turbulence 4) Experience irrotational flow |
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Continuity Equation
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Q = Av = volume flow rate
In an ideal fluid, this is constant (narrower the pipe, greater the velocity) |
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Bernoulli's Equation
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-->
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T or F: In an ideal fluid, as velocity increases, pressure increases
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False: Pressure DECREASES
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Where would the greatest velocity be in a real fluid flowing through a pipe?
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At the center of the pipe, farthest away from the fluid-object interface.
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In a real-fluid, the narrower the pipe, the _______ the effect of drag.
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GREATER
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In a horizontal pipe of constant cross-sectional area, fluid will flow from high pressure to low pressure according to:
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dP = QR
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Stress
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The force applied to an object divided by the area over which the force is applied
Stress = F/A [in N/m^3] "What is done to the object" |
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Strain
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The fractional change in an object's shape. It is the ratio of change in dimension compared to original dimension
Strain = d[Dimension] / original dimension "How the object responds to stress" |
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Modulus of elasticity
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stress/strain
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Young's Modulus
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For tensile stress:
(F/A) / (dh/ho) |
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Shear Modulus
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(F/A) / (dx/ho)
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Bulk Modulus
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(dP) / (dV/Vo)
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