Physics Equations - Mcat

Front 1

Kinematics equation without acceleration

Back 1

d=1/2 (vo + v)t

Front 2

Kinematics equation without distance

Back 2

v = vo + at

Front 3

Kinematics equation without velocity

Back 3

d = vot + 1/2 at^2

Front 4

Kinematics equation without initial velocity

Back 4

d = vt - 1/2 at^2

Front 5

Kinematics equation without time

Back 5

v^2 = vo^2 + 2ad

Front 6

Newton's laws

Back 6

F=ma (w=mg)
equal and opposite reactions
stays in state it is in

Front 7

Gravity equations (2)

Back 7

Fgrav = G (Mm/r^2)
g = G (M/r^2)

Front 8

Friction equations (2)

Back 8

Ff = u[k] F[N]
F [f max] = u[s] F[N]

Front 9

normal force on an inclined plane is ........

Back 9

mgcos(angle)

Front 10

force of gravity acting down the plane is .......

Back 10

mg sin(angle)

Front 11

center of mass/gravity

Back 11

X[cm] = m1x1+ m2x2 + m3x3......./m1+m2+m3......

X[cg] = w1x1 + w2x2 + ...../w1+w2+......

Front 12

Centripetal force/acceleration equations (2)

Back 12

a[c] = v^2/r
F[c] = ma[c] = mv^2/r
F[c] = F[net] towards center

Front 13

Torque equations (3)

Back 13

τ = Fl (l = perpendicular to F)
τ = Frsin(angle) = angle between r and F)
[τ = Ialpha ( I = rotational inertia, alpha = rotational acceleration)]

Front 14

Work equation

Back 14

Work = Force x Distance
W = Fd cos(angle between F and D)

Front 15

Power equation(2)

Back 15

P = W/t = Fv (when F parallel to v)

Front 16

Work Energy Theorem equations (KE/PE/W)
5 equations

Back 16

KE = 1/2 mv^2
W[total] = change in KE
change in PE = (-W[by Fgrav]) = (-mg change in h)
E = KE + PE
KE[i] + PE[i] (+ Work of friction) = KE [f] + PE [f]

Front 17

Mechanical Advantage and Efficiency equations

Back 17

Distance of effort / distance of resistance = mech advantage
% efficiency = Work output / Energy input

Front 18

Momentum and Impulse equations (3)

Back 18

p = mv
J = change in momentum (p) = F change in time
Initial momentum = final momentum
(angular momentum = inertia times rotational acceleration)

Front 19

Density is......

Back 19

p = mass/volume

Front 20

specific gravity is?
(specific gravity of water?)

Back 20

density of fluid/density of water
density of water = 1000kg/m^3 = 1g/cm^3 = 1Kg/L

Front 21

Gravity in fluids?

Back 21

mg = pVg = F[grav]

Front 22

Pressure in fluids

Back 22

P = Perpendicular Fore / area
P[tota] = P [at surface] + P[at gauge]

Front 23

Gauge pressure in fluids

Back 23

P[gauge] = p[fluid] g D (depth)
NOT proportional to depth due to pressure at surface

Front 24

Pressure units

Back 24

P = N/m^3

Front 25

Surface Tension

Back 25

F[surf tens] = 2yL (2 (coefficient) (length acting upon))

Front 26

Archamedies principle

Back 26

F[buoy] = p[fluid] V[submerged] g
=Weight of displaced fluid

Front 27

When an object is floating.......

Back 27

density of object is less than density of fluid
weight of object = force of buoy
Vsub/V = density of object/density of fluid

Front 28

Pascals Law

Back 28

Force1/area1 = force 2/area2

Front 29

4 laws of ideal fluid

Back 29

1. incompressible
2. negligible viscosity
3. Laminal (non turbulent)
4. Steady flow

Front 30

FLow rate law (2 eq)

Back 30

f = Av
Av1 = Av2

Front 31

Bernolini's Eq

Back 31

P[1] + 1/2 pv^2[1] + pgy[1] = P[2] + 1/2pv^2[2] + pgy[2]

Front 32

Flow rate pressure laws (2)

Back 32

fast flow = low pressure
slow flow = high pressure

Front 33

velocity of efflux equation

Back 33

v[efflux] = √2gD
D = depth

Front 34

Stress equation (Pressure)
Hooke's Law

Back 34

Force/Area
F=kx (stress = modulus x strain)

Front 35

Strain equation (Change)

Back 35

Change in length/original length

Front 36

Tension/Compression strain equation

Back 36

change in length = FL[0]/EA
E = modulus
FLEA equation

Front 37

Shear strain equation

Back 37

x = FL[0]/AG
FLAG equation
G = modulus

Front 38

electron charge

Back 38

1.6 x 10^-19

Front 39

Electric force equation
Coulomb's law

Back 39

F[elec] = K Qq/r^2

Front 40

Coulomb's constant

Back 40

k[0] = 9x10^9 Nm^2/C^2

Front 41

Charges and potential laws (2)

Back 41

Positive charges go towards lower potential
Negative charges go towards higher potential

Front 42

Electric field equation
Force equation?

Back 42

E = kQ/r^2
F=qE

Front 43

Electric potential equation

Back 43

epsilon = kQ/r

Front 44

Change in electrical PE?

Back 44

Change in PE = q(change in potential) = qV

Front 45

Work done by electrical field

Back 45

W = -change in PE

Front 46

Change in KE (in electric field)

Back 46

-change in PE

Front 47

(Electricity) Current equation
Flow is .......?
actual flow is.......?

Back 47

I = Q/t
in the direction of flow of positive charge.
actual flow is opposite (flow of negative charge)

Front 48

Resistance equation

Back 48

p (L/A)
p = resistivity constant, not density

Front 49

Ohm's law equation

Back 49

V = IR
R is constant, V varies

Front 50

Resistors in a series equation

Back 50

R = R[1] + R [2] + .......

Front 51

Resistors in parallel

Back 51

1/R = 1/R [1] + 1/R [2] + ......
OR
R = (R[1]R[2]) / R[1] + R[2] (Two at a time)

Front 52

Resistors in a series have the same ____ and different ______

Back 52

Same current, different voltage
(Waterfalls)

Front 53

Resistors in parallel have the same _____ and different _______

Back 53

same voltage, different current (waterfalls)

Front 54

The sum of the voltage-drops across the resistors in any complete path is equal to the ______
Kirchhoff's rule 1

Back 54

voltage of the battery

Front 55

The amount of current entering a parallel combination of resistors is equal to the sum of the__________
Kirchhoff's rule 2

Back 55

currents that pass through the individual resistors

Front 56

Power of circuit element equation
Power of circuit

Back 56

P = IV = I^2 R = V^2/R

Front 57

total power supplied by a battery equals the ________

Back 57

total power dissipated by the resistors

Front 58

Root mean square quantities for AC circuits
Voltage and Current RMS

Back 58

V [rms] = V[max] / √2
I [rms] = I[max]/√2

Front 59

Average power of a circuit element in AC circuit

Back 59

P[av] = (I [rms])^2 R = I [rms] V[rms]

Front 60

Charge on a capacitor equation

Back 60

Q = CV

Front 61

Capacitance (equation and law)
With K and e (what are they?)

Back 61

does not depend on voltage or charge. Only on Area and distance.
No dielectric: C = e A/d
With dielectric: C = KC[without dielectric]
K = dielectric constant
e = fundamental constant of nature = permittivity of free space = 8.85x10^-12 F/m

Front 62

Electric field in a parallel plate capacitor equation

Back 62

V = Ed

Front 63

Stored potential energy in a capacitor
3 equations and 1 statement

Back 63

PE = 1/2 QV = 1/2 CV^2 = Q^2 /2C
PE = work done by battery to charge capacitor

Front 64

Capacitors in series equation

Back 64

1/C = 1/C[1] +1/C[2] .......
OR
C = C[1]C[2] / C[1] + C[2] (Two at a time)
Opposite to resistors

Front 65

Capacitors in parallel equation

Back 65

C = C[1] + C[2] +........
(Opposite to resistors)

Front 66

total electric field between plates of capacitor with dielectric

Back 66

E - E[induced] = E[net]
Only really a problem when dielectric is inserted when battery disconnected

Front 67

units of E in an electric field

Back 67

N/C or V/m
N/C from F = qE
V/m from V = Ed

Front 68

What happens when there is more than one battery?

Back 68

The highest-voltage power source wins.
If other battery in opposite direction, subtract voltage. if in same direction, add.

Front 69

Magnetic force equation on moving charge q? 2

Back 69

F[b] = q(v x B)
F[b] = (absolute value q) vB sin(angle between b and B)

Front 70

Force of magnetic field is always _______ to both v and B

Back 70

perpendicular

Front 71

Equation of B created by a long, straight, current carrying wire

Back 71

B (inversely proportional to) I/r

Front 72

Equation of B created by a solenoid (coil of wire)

Back 72

B (inversely proportional to) IN/L
L= length of solenoid
N= number of coils

Front 73

Magnetic force never changes the _______ of a particle and does no ______ on the particle

Back 73

Speed/Work

Front 74

Magnetic field lines created by a magnet will point _____________

Back 74

North to South

Front 75

North pole wants to line up ________of external magnetic field (South wants to line up_______the field)

Back 75

with the direction/opposite

Front 76

e[0] (constant of nature in capacitance equations)
Permititivity of free space

Back 76

1/(4pik[0])
8.85 x 10^-12 F/m

Front 77

Dynamics Condition of Simple Harmonic Motion?

Back 77

Restoring force is direction proportional to displacement from equilibrium (x=0) and points towards that equilibrium point.

Front 78

Kinematics condition of Simple Harmonic Motion?

Back 78

Frequency and period are independent of the amplitude of oscillations

Front 79

Hooke's Law (spring)

Back 79

F= - kx

Front 80

Elastic potential energy (spring)

Back 80

PE[elastic] = 1/2 kx^2

Front 81

Spring-block oscillator frequency
Simple pendulum frequency (small oscillations)

Back 81

f = 1/2pi √k/m
f = 1/2pi √g/l

Front 82

Period/frequency equation (all harmonic motion and waves)

Back 82

T = 1/f

Front 83

Wave Equation!!!!

Back 83

v = delta (wavelength) f

Front 84

2 big rules for waves

Back 84

1. wave speed v depends on wave type and the medium, not the frequency!!
2. a single wave passing between media maintains constant frequency (but velocity may change)

Front 85

Spring equation for potential/kinetic energy

Back 85

1/2 kA^2 = 1/2 mv^2

Front 86

Standing wave on a rope - Wavelengths and frequencys?

Back 86

wavelength = 2L/n
Wavelength [n] = wavelength [1]/n

Frequency = n/2L
F[n] = nf[1]

Front 87

Standing wave equation in a tube with both ends open? (2 equations with n=whole number)

Back 87

Wavelength = 2L/n
f = nv/2L

Front 88

Standing wave equation in a tube with one end closed? (2 equations with n = whole number)

Back 88

wavelength = 4L/n
f[n] = nv/4L

Front 89

Beat frequency of doppler effect

Back 89

f[beat] = absolute value (f[1] - f[2])

Front 90

Intensity in doppler effect (what it is inversely proportional to (r = distance from source)

Back 90

I = power/area
I ~ 1/r^2

Front 91

Sound intensity level (in dB)?

Back 91

B = 10 log[10] I/ I[0]
Multiply by 10 = add 10 to B
Divide by 10 = subtract 10 from B

Front 92

Doppler Effect equation (and thing to remember about when coming TOWARDS or AWAY?)

Back 92

f[D] = f[S] V+/- V[D] / V -/+ V[S]

Front 93

Speed of light in a vacuum?

Back 93

C = 3x10^8 m/x

Front 94

Photon energy equation

Back 94

E = hf = hc/lamda

Front 95

Index of refraction equation

Back 95

n = c/v

Front 96

Snell's law of refraction

Back 96

nsinO = nsinO

Front 97

Total Internal Reflection

Back 97

happens when n1>n2 and O1>Ocrit where sinO crit = n2/n1
No light is transmitted from incident medium through boundary.

Front 98

Mirror/lens equation

Back 98

1/o + 1/i = 1/f

Front 99

Magnification of mirror/lens equation

Back 99

m = - i/o

Front 100

converging mirror or lens (concave mirror or convex lens) f is.........

Back 100

positive

Front 101

diverging mirror or lens (Convex mirror or concave lens) f is ..........

Back 101

negative

Front 102

Values for i for real/virtual images?

Back 102

real = positive i
virtual = negative i

Front 103

Lens power equation

Back 103

P = 1/f
P in Diopters
F in meters