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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Physical Quantity
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A feature of something which can be measured, for example, length, weight, or time of fall.
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Derived Units
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Derived Units consist of some combination of the base units. The base units may be multiplied together or divided by one another, but never added or subtracted.
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Base Units
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kilogram, meter, second, ampere, kelvin, mole, candela
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Homogeneous
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In any equation where each term has the same base units, the equation is said to be homogeneous or 'balanced'.
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Scalar Quantities
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Only have magnitude.
Mass, Speed, Pressure, Temperature |
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Vector Quantities
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Have magnitude and direction.
Weight, Velocity, Force, Electric Current |
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Systematic Uncertainty (error)
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Zero Error on an instrument.
Wrongly Calibrated Scale. Reaction Time of Experimenter. |
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Random Uncertainty (error)
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Experimenter's interpretations of readings.
Timing Oscillations without use of reference marker. Reading a scale from different angles. |
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Combining Uncertainties
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1. For quantities which are added or subtracted to give a final result, add the actual uncertainties.
2. For quantities which are multiplied together or divided to give a final result, add the fractional uncertainties or percentage uncertainties. |
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Instantaneous Velocity
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Average velocity measured over an infinitesimally short period of time.
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Instantaneous Acceleration
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Average acceleration measured over an infinitesimally short period of time.
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Work
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Work is done when a force moves the point at which it acts (the point of application) in the direction of the force. (J)
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Work
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When a force of one newton moves its point of application by one meter in the direction of the force, one joule of work is done. (J)
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Energy
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The ability to do work is called Energy. (J)
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Potential Energy
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The ability of an object to do work as a result of its position or shape. (J)
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Kinetic Energy
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Energy stored in a body due to its motion. (J)
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Law of Conservation of Energy
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Energy cannot be created or destroyed. it can only be converted from one form to another.
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Efficiency
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How much of the total energy may be used and is not 'lost'.
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Hooke's Law
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Provided the elastic limit is not exceeded, the extension of a body is proportional to the applied load.
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Elastic/ Spring Constant
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The force per unit extension.
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Strain Energy
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The Energy stored in a body due to change of shape. (J)
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Tensile Deformation
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Forces on an object can cause tensile deformation (stretching) or compressive deformation (squashing).
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Elastic Change
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Occurs when an object returns to its original shape and size when the load is removed from it.
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