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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is an atom?
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the smallest unit of an element that maintains the chemical properties of that element
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What is an element?
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a substance that cannot be separated or broken down into simpler substances by chemical means
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What is the relationship between an atom and an element?
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An atom makes up an element
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What is matter?
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anything that has mass and takes up space
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What is a compound?
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a substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds
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What is the difference between compounds and elements?
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a compound is a substance made up of different atoms of different ELEMENTS ( Ex. H for hydrogen is an element; H2O is a compound )
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What is the difference between atoms and molecules?
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Molecules are bunches of atoms
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What is a molecule?
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the smallest unit of a substance that behaves like the substance
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What is the difference between a compound and a mixture?
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compounds are chemically combined and mixtures are not
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What is a pure substance?
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matter that has a fixed composition and definite properties - like water - it only has water molecules in it; opposed to grape juice which has water and sugar molecules
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What are the two types of mixtures and what are they?
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Homogeneous - the components are evenly distributed - like vinegarette; Heterogeneous - the components are not evenly distributed - like a salad
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What is the kinetic theory?
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It says that matter is made of atoms and molecules that are always in motion, the higher the temp of the substance is the faster the particles move, and that at the same temp more massive particles move slower than less massive ones and that matter and energy cannot be created or destroyed
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What do the particles in solids do?
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they vibrate in place
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What do the particles in liquid do?
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they slide past each other
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What do the particles in a gas do?
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they move in every direction, bouncing off of each other and its container and they have overcome their attraction
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What is the difference between temperature and thermal energy?
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temperature measures how hot or cold something is and thermal energy is the total kinetic energy in a substance's atoms
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In melting, does a substance require energy, or release it?
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requires it
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In evaporation, does a substance require energy or release it?
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requires it
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In sublimation, does a substance require energy or release it?
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requires it
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In condensation, does a substance require energy or release it?
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releases it
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During freezing, does a substance require energy or release it?
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releases it
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What are the laws of conservation of mass and energy?
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energy may be converted from one form to another, mass may seem to change due to spills, gas escaping, condensation, etc., nuclear processes both need to be considered together because mass can convert to energy and energy to mass
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Is mass a characteristic property?
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NO
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Is weight a characteristic property?
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NO
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Is volume a characteristic property?
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NO
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What is melting?
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solid - liquid
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What is evaporation?
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liquid - gas
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What is sublimation?
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solid - gas
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What is condensation?
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gas - liquid
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What is freezing?
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liquid - solid
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What is pressure?
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the amount of force exerted per unit area of a surface
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What is thermal expansion?
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when substances are heated, they expand
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What is buoyancy?
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the upward force that keeps an object floating
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What is viscosity?
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the resistance of a gas/liquid to flow - depends on particle attraction ( Ex. if honey is cold, it doesn't flow very well )
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Study Sig Figs.
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**********
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Do fluids exert pressure evenly in all directions?
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Yes - unlike gas and solids
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