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73 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Capacitance |
Amount of charge stored per unit volt |
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Capacitor |
A device that stores electric charge |
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Defibrillator |
A machine used to provide an electrical shock to a heart attack victim's heart in order to restore the heart's normal rhythmic pattern |
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Dielectric |
An insulating material |
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Dielectric strength |
The maximum electric field above which an insulating material begins to break down and conduct |
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Electric potential |
Potential energy per unit charge |
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Electron volt |
The energy given to a fundamental charge accelerated through a potential difference of one volt |
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Equipotential line |
A line along which the electric potential is constant |
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Grounding |
Connecting A conductor at 0 volts by connecting it to the Earth or ground |
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Mechanical energy |
Sum of the kinetic energy and potential energy of the system; this sum is a constant |
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Parallel plate capacitor |
2 identical conducting plates separated by a distance |
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Polar molecule |
A molecule with inherent separation of charge |
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Potential difference (or voltage) |
Change in potential energy of a charge moved from one point to another, divided by the charge; units of potential difference are joules per coulomb, known as volt |
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Scalar |
Physical quantity with magnitude but no direction |
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Vector |
Physical quantity with both magnitude and direction |
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AC current |
Current that fluctuates with time, expressed as I= Io sin 2pift, where I is current at time t, Io is peak current, and f is the frequency in hertz |
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AC voltage |
Voltage that fluctuates with time, expressed as V= Vo sin 2pift, where V is voltage at time t, Vo is peak voltage, and f is the frequency in Hertz |
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Alternating current |
The flow of electric charge that periodically reverses direction |
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Ampere |
The SI unit for current; 1A = 1C/s |
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Bioelectricity |
Electrical effects in and created by biological systems |
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Direct current |
The flow of electric charge in only 1 direction |
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Drift velocity |
The average velocity at which free charges flow in response to an electric field |
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Electric current |
The rate at which charge flows, I = Q/t |
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Electric power |
Do you rate at which electrical energy is supplied by a source or dissipated by device; it is a product of current times voltage |
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Electrocardiogram (ECG) |
Usually abbreviated ECG, a record of voltages created by depolarization and repolarization , especially in the heart |
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Microshock sensitive |
A condition in which a person's skin resistance is bypassed possibly by a medical procedure rendering the person vulnerable to electrical shock at currents about 1/1000 the normally required level |
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Nerve conduction |
The transport of electrical signals by nerve cells |
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Ohm |
The unit of resistance, given by 1 omega = 1 V/A |
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Ohm's law |
And empirical relation stating that the current I is proportional to the potential difference V; it is often I = V/R where R is resistance |
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Ohmic |
A type of a material for which ohm's law is valid |
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Resistance |
The electric property that impedes current; for ohmic materials it is the ratio of voltage to current, R = V/I |
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Resisitivity |
An intrinsic property Of a material independent of its shape or size directly proportional to the resistance denoted by P |
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Rms current |
The root mean square of the current, I = Io/square root of 2, where Io is peak current in an AC system |
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Rms voltage |
The root mean square of the voltage V = Vo/square root of 2 where Vo is peak voltage in an AC system |
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Semipermeable |
Property of a membrane that allows only certain types of ions to cross it |
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Shock hazard |
When electric current passes through a person |
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Short circuit |
Also known as a "short", a low resistance path between terminals of a voltage source |
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Simple circuit |
circuit with a single voltage source and a single resistor |
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Temperature coefficient of resistivity |
And empirical quantity, denoted by alpha, which describes the change in resistance or resistivity of a material with temperature |
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Thermal hazard |
They hazard in which electric current causes undesired thermal effects |
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Ammeter |
An instrument that measures current |
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Analog meter |
A measuring instrument that gives a read out in the form of a needle movement over a marked gauge |
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Bridge device |
A device of forms a bridge between 2 branches of a circuit; some bridge devices are used to make no measurements in circuits |
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Capacitance |
The maximum amount of electric potential energy that can be stored for a given electrical potential |
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Capacitor |
In electrical component used to store energy by separating electric charge on 2 opposing plates |
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Conservation laws |
Require that energy and charge be conserved in the system |
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Current |
The flow of charge through electric circuit pass a given point of measurement |
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Current sensitivity |
The maximum current that a galvanometer can read |
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Digital meter |
A measuring instrument that gives a read out in a digital form |
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Electromotive force (emf) |
The potential difference of a source of electricity way no currents flowing; measured in volts |
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Full-scale deflection |
The maximum deflection of a galvanometer needle, also known as current sensitivity; a galvanometer with a full scale deflection of 50 A has a maximum deflection of its needle when 50 A flows through it |
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Galvanometer |
An analog measuring device, denoted by G, that measures current flow using a needle deflection caused by a magnetic field force acting upon a current carrying wire |
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Internal resistance |
The amount of resistance within the voltage source |
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Joule's law |
The relationship between potential electrical power, voltage, and resistance and electrical circuit, given by Pe = IV |
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Junction rule |
Kirchoff's 1st rule, which applies the can conservation of charge to a Junction; current is a flow of charge; thus whatever charge flows into the Junction must flow out, the rule can be stated I1 = I2 + I3 |
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Kirchoff's rules |
A set of 2 rules, Based on conservation of charge and energy, Governing current and changes in potential in an electric circuit |
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Loop rule |
Kirchoff's 2nd rule, Which States that in a closed loop, Whatever energy is supplied by EMF must be transferred into another form by, Since there are no other ways in which energy can be transferred into or out of the circuit. Thus, the emf equals the sum of the IR (voltage) drops in the loop and can be stated: emf = Ir + IR1 + IR2 |
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Null measurements |
Methods of measuring current and voltage more accurately by balancing the circuit so that no current flows through the measurement device |
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Ohmmeter |
An instrument that applies a voltage to a resistance, measures a current, calculate the resistance using ohm's law, and provides the read out of this calculated resistance |
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Ohm's law |
The relationship between current, voltage, and resistance within an electrical circuit.. V = IR |
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Parallel |
The wiring of resistors are other components in an electrical circuit such that each component receives an equal voltage from the power source; Often pictured in a ladder shaped diagram with each component on a rung of the ladder |
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Potential difference |
The difference in electric potential between 2 points and an electric circuit measured in volts |
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Potentiometer |
A null measurement device for measuring potentials (voltages) |
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RC circuit |
A circuit that contains both a resistor and a capacitor |
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Resistance |
Causing a loss of electrical power in a circuit |
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Resistor |
A component that provides resistance to the current flowing through in electrical circuit |
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Series |
A sequence of resistors or other components wired into a circuit one after the other |
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Shunt resistance |
A small resistance R placed in parallel with a Galvanometer G to produce an ammeter; the larger the current to be measured, the smaller the R must be; most current flowing through the meter is shunted through R to protect the galvanometer |
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Terminal voltage |
The voltage measured across the terminals of a source of potential difference |
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Voltage |
The electrical potential energy per unit charge; Electric pressure created by a power source such as a battery |
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Voltage drop |
The loss of electrical power as a current travels through resistor, wire other component |
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Voltmeter |
An instrument that measures voltage |
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Wheatstone bridge |
A null measurement device or calculating resistance by balancing potential drops in a circuit |
