Physics

Front 1

Distance

Back 1

how far you have traveled (scalar)

Front 2

Displacement

Back 2

How far you are from a certain point in a given direction (vector)

Front 3

Velocity

Back 3

rate of change of displacement (vector)
Average Velocity – displacement/time

Front 4

Speed

Back 4

distance/time (scalar)

Front 5

Acceleration

Back 5

the rate of change of velocity
Average acceleration – change in velocity/time

Front 6

Force

Back 6

can change the shape, speed, or direction of an object

Front 7

Hooke's Law

Back 7

The extension of a spring is proportional to the stretching force up to a point called the proportional limit
a. F= -kx

Front 8

Newton's First Law

Back 8

Every body continues in its state of rest or of uniform speed in a straight line unless acted on by a non-zero net force
a. Inertia

Front 9

Translational Equilibrium

Back 9

a body has no unbalanced force acting on it

Front 10

Newton's Second Law

Back 10

An object’s acceleration is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and is universally proportional to its mass. The direction of the acceleration is in the direction of the net force acting on the object
a. F=ma

Front 11

Newton's Third Law

Back 11

Whenever one object exerts a force on a second object, the second exerts an equal and opposite force on the first

Front 12

Weight

Back 12

The force that gravity exerts on an object. (vector, Newtons)
a. W=mg

Front 13

Mass

Back 13

: Amount of matter (scalar, Kg)

Front 14

Conservation of Momentum

Back 14

total momentum of an isolated system of bodies remains constant (momentum of the system is conserved)
a. P=mv

Front 15

Impulse

Back 15

a. Ft=mv
b. Force is rate of change of momentum

Front 16

Joule

Back 16

One joule is the amount of work done when a force of 1 Newton acts over a distance of 1 meter (1J = 1Nm)

Front 17

Energy

Back 17

The Ability to do Work

Front 18

Work

Back 18

done when the point of application of a force moves (scalar)
a. W=Fs

Front 19

Elastic Potential Energy

Back 19

: in a stretched spring

Front 20

Potential Energy

Back 20

Energy a body has due to its position or state
a. PE=1/2 kx2

Front 21

Gravitational Potential Energy

Back 21

depends on position in a gravitational field
a. PE=mgh

Front 22

Kinetic Energy

Back 22

energy due to motion
a. KE=1/2mv2

Front 23

Ellastic Energy

Back 23

If kinetic energy is conserved

Front 24

Principal of Conservation of Energy

Back 24

Total amount of mechanical energy in a system remains constant

Front 25

Power

Back 25

rate of the conversion of energy (watt 1W = 1 J/s)
a. P=W/t

Front 26

Gravitational Mass

Back 26

Different masses have different gravitational forces acting between them

Front 27

Inertial Mass

Back 27

Different masses have different accelerations when a force acts on them

Front 28

Temperature

Back 28

measure of the average kinetic energy of each molecule

Front 29

Heat

Back 29

energy transferred due to a temperature difference; flow of energy

Front 30

Internal Energy

Back 30

total kinetic energy (translational/rotational movement of molecules) and potential energy (forces between molecules) U=KE+PE

Front 31

Conduction

Back 31

Transfer of vibrations due to the collision of particles (all states)

Front 32

Convection

Back 32

heat expands material and it becomes less dense. It rises and other fluids take its place. (liquids & gases)

Front 33

Radiation

Back 33

Heat transferred by electromagnetic waves are very similar to light waves (infa red) (EM Waves)

Front 34

Specific Heat Capacity

Back 34

Measure of the heat energy required to raise the temperature of a given mass of a specific substance by one degree in temperature

Front 35

Change of State

Back 35

molecules gain more thermal energy
a. Molecules gain kinetic energy
b. Substance changes state potential energy changes

Front 36

Sublimation

Back 36

changing from a solid to a gas

Front 37

Specific Latent Heat of Fusion

Back 37

of a substance is heat needed to change 1 kg of a substance from a solid to a liquid

Front 38

Specific Latent Heat of Vaporization

Back 38

of a substance is heat needed to change 1 kg of a substance from a liquid to a gas

Front 39

Evaporation

Back 39

molecules close to the surface with enough kinetic energy break free from the surface intermolecular bonds will go into the surrounding air to form a low temperature gas or vapor. Average kinetic energy of the remaining liquid molecules is reduced and so the liquid cools.

Front 40

Boyle's Law

Back 40

If the temperature is constant, the pressure and volume are inversely proportional

Front 41

Pressure Law

Back 41

As long as the volume is constant, the pressure and the temperature (K) are directly proportional

Front 42

Charles Law

Back 42

As long as the pressure is constant, the temperature and volume are directly proportional

Front 43

Mole

Back 43

amount of substance that contains as many elementary units as there are atoms in 0.012 kg of the isotope carbon – 12

Front 44

Molar Mass

Back 44

mass of 1 mol of the substance

Front 45

Avagadro's Constant

Back 45

number of molecules in one mole of a susbstance

Front 46

Transverse Waves

Back 46

vibrations take place at a right angle to the direction of energy transfer

Front 47

Longitudinal Wave

Back 47

vibrations take place in the same direction as the energy transfer

Front 48

Period

Back 48

Time required for one complete cycle
a. Period = 1/f

Front 49

Fequency

Back 49

number of crests that pass a particular point per unit time/Hz

Front 50

Wavelength

Back 50

distance between two successive crests, troughs,

Front 51

Displacement/Position Graph Shows

Back 51

displacement of all particles at one instant, like a picture of the wave

Front 52

Thin--> Dense Medium

Back 52

some is reflected & flipped and some is rarefracted

Front 53

Angle of Incident

Back 53

degrees between divisor of mediums and direction of wave

Front 54

When waves enter a more dense medium their speed _______, they bend ______ the normal, the wavelength _____, and the frequency ______ ______.

Back 54

decreases, towards, increases, stays the same

Front 55

Diffraction

Back 55

waves bending around objects placed in their path

Front 56

23. Longer wavelengths diffract _____ than shorter ones

Back 56

More

Front 57

Huygen's Principle

Back 57

every point on a wave can be regarded as a secondary wavelet which spreads out with the same velocity
a. Prove through congruent triangles for i = r
A superposition of an infinite number of these wavelets gives us the next wave front (or the tangent to all of the tiny circular wave fronts is the next wave front)

Front 58

Critical Angle

Back 58

Where refraction is 90 degrees

Front 59

Doppler Effect

Back 59

When the source of sound is moving, the frequency will sound different

Front 60

If source is moving towards you the frequency is

Back 60

Higher

Front 61

Red Shift

Back 61

wavelength gets longer, stars are moving away from us

Front 62

Fundamental Node

Back 62

node on sides and anti-node in the middle, l =1/2 wavelength

Front 63

Second Harmonic

Back 63

3 nodes, frequency is 2 times, l=wavelength

Front 64

Third Harmonic

Back 64

4 nodes, 2wavelength/3, frequency is 3 times

Front 65

Resonance

Back 65

when the driving frequency is the same as the natural frequency of vibration of an object