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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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System
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amount of matter enclosed by boundaries and surfaces
described by P, V, T |
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Heat resevoir
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Large seperate system with unlimited heat capacity; heat entering/leaving system comes from or goes to it
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State
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specific combination of variables P,V,T
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Equation of State
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Relates the state variables
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Process
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A change in the system or state variables
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Zeroth law
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if T1=T2 and T2=T3 then T1=T3
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First Law
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Conservation of Energy
Q = /_\U + W |
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When heat enters system
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Temp increases, change in U is positive
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If w positive
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System does work
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If w negative
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System is worked upon
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Heat leaves
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temp decreases, delta U is negative
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Work done
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area under the curve
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Isothermic
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Change done under constant temperature; delta U = 0 so
Q = W |
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Isobaric
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Change done under constant pressure
W = p*deltaV |
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Isometric
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Change done under constant volume
W=0; Q = deltaU |
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Adiabatic
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No heat transfered in or out
Q=0 so -W = deltaU (steeper than isotherm) |
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entrophy
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measure of disorder
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reversible process
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a system returns to its initial state by tracing its initial process backwards
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Second law
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heat will not flow spontaneously from a cold object to a hot object
all natural processes move to a state of higher disarray |
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Engines and pumps as relates to the first law
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Total heat input = total heat output (and work)
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Heat engine
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converts heat E to work; takes h from hot resevoir, does work, expells excess heat into cold resevoir
want to max work |
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thermal pump
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Transfers heat from cold resevoir to hot
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coefficient of performance
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measures efficiency of therm pump for refridg and heat pump
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carnot cycle
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most efficient cycle for heat engine,
2 adiabatic and 2 isothermal processes |
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carnot efficiency
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deals in temperatures, max eff for heat engine !in kelvin
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Third law
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As system approaches 0 K, all process begin to stop, entrophy reaches minimum value
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simple systems
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single bodies of mass
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periodic motion
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motion that repeats itself
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equilibrium
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resting point of the system
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amplitude
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maximum displacement of mass
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period
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length of time for one cycle
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frequency
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number of cycles per unit time
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simple harmonic motion
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motion that can be described sinusoidally
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if motion starts at 0
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sin
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if motion starts at displacement y=A
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cos
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angular frequency
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how fast object is oscillating in rad/s
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phase shift
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change in initial displacement
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wave
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disturbance passing through medium carrying energy
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periodic wave
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continuous wave that moves sinusoidally
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wavelength
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spatial length of one cycle
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traveling wave
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dependent on time and displacement
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+/-
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+ if wave moves to left
- if wave moves to right |
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transverse wave
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particles oscillate perpendicular to wave
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longitudinal wave
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particles oscillate parallel to wave motion
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interference
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behavior of two waves in the same region
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Constructive interference
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amplitude of the waves is summed
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Destructive interference
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amplitude of waves is less than either individual, if same amp, cancel each other out
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reflection
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wave strikes boundary and is reflected back into initial medium
-fixed - inverted -free - wave is same |
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refraction
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wave bends when entering different medium, depends on speed change
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dispersion
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waves at different frequencies refract at different angles in a medium
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diffraction
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bending of waves around obstructions (if same or smaller size than wavelength)
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