Physics 11U Exam Review

Front 1

Alpha Decay

Back 1

Emits alpha particle (Helium Nucleus)

Front 2

Beta Negative

Back 2

Neutron = Positron + electron

Front 3

Beta Positive

Back 3

Proton = Neutron + Positron

Front 4

Electron Capture

Back 4

Electron + Proton = Neutron

Front 5

Gamma Decay

Back 5

Nucleus releases gamma ray

Front 6

Displacement

Back 6

Change in position. Distance with a direction

Front 7

Velocity

Back 7

How fast your displacement is changing (speed with direction

Instantaneous velocity: at a particular moment in time

Average velocity: velocity needed to cover same total displacement

Front 8

Acceleration

Back 8

How fast your velocity is changing

Front 9

Inertia

Back 9

Property of matter that causes it to resit change in motion. Proportional to mass of an object

Front 10

Newton's First Law

Back 10

If the net external force of an object is 0, the object will remain at rest or continue at constant velocity

Front 11

What is 1 Newton

Back 11

The force required to accelerate the mass of 1kg by 1m/s^2

Front 12

Newton's Third Law

Back 12

For every action force there is an equal and opposite reaction (must be on different objects)

Front 13

Newton's Second Law

Back 13

If the net external force of an object is not -, the object will accelerate in the direction of the net force

Front 14

Static Friction

Back 14

A force that prevents two surfaces from sliding relative to one another

Front 15

Kinetic Friction

Back 15

The force that acts upon an object in the direction opposite to t direction it slides

Front 16

Coefficient of Friction

Back 16

Ration of force of friction to normal force.

μ = Ff/Fn

μs = Fsmax/Fn

μk = Fk/Fn

Front 17

Energy

Back 17

Ability to do work. Unit (J). Scalar quantity

Front 18

Work

Back 18

Transfer of energy from one object to another. Change of Energy. W=ΔE

Front 19

Efficiency

Back 19

When energy is converted, some is lost as heat when work is done by friction. Efficiency is a measure of how effective the conversion process is. nu = Eout/Ein * 100%

Front 20

Power

Back 20

The rate at which energy is transferred. P = w/t

Front 21

Thermal Energy

Back 21

Kinetic and potential energy at a molecular level

Front 22

Temperature

Back 22

Indication of the average kinetic energy of particles

Front 23

Define: Heat

Back 23

Movement of thermal energy from one thing to another. Ease of transfer depends on thermal conductivity.

Front 24

Quantity of Heat

Back 24

The amount of thermal energy transferred from one object to another. Q = mcΔT

Front 25

Specific Heat Capacity

Back 25

The amount of energy required to increase the temperature of 1 kg of substance by 1 degree Celsius

Front 26

Mass Defect & Binding Energy

Back 26

It takes energy to hold the particles of a nucleus. This energy is stored in the bonds. Total mass of individual nucleons > nucleus. Lost mass is binding energy. This energy is released through splitting of the atoms.

Front 27

Current

Back 27

How quickly electrons move. Count the amount of charge they have. Rate of flow of charge

Front 28

Electric Potential

Back 28

Ratio of electric potential energy to charge. 1V = 1J/C

Front 29

Electric Potential Difference

Back 29

Difference in electric potential difference. Voltage

Front 30

Energy gained or lost

Back 30

V = ΔE/Q ... ΔE = VIΔt

Front 31

Kirchhoff's Laws

Back 31

Current Law: Total current flowing into circuit junction must equal total current flowing out

Voltage Law: Energy that is gained by current in moving through a circuit is also completely lost

Front 32

Oersted's Principle

Back 32

Whenever a charge moves through a straight conductor, a circular magnetic field is created around teh conductor

Front 33

Solenoid

Back 33

Coiled conductor. Acts as bar magnet.

Front 34

Right Hand Rule #1

Back 34

Thumb points in direction of conventional flow. Fingers curl in direction of magnetic field

Front 35

Right Hand Rule #2

Back 35

Thumb points in direction of North. Fingers curl in direction of conventional current

Front 36

Motor Principle

Back 36

If a current carrying conductor is positioned in an external magnetic field so that the conductor cuts across that field, then the conductor will experience a force

Front 37

Right Hand Rule #3

Back 37

Grab conductor with right hand; fingers point in the direction of external magnetic field; thumb points in direction of conventional current. Right angle from palm is magnetic force

Front 38

Faraday's Law of Electromagnetic Induction

Back 38

If a conductor is exposed to a changing magnetic field, then a current will be induced within the conductor. Changing means changing size/direction.

Magnitude of induced current depends on: number of turns in coil, speed in which its moving, strength of the inducing field.

Front 39

Lenz's Law

Back 39

The direction of the induced current must be such that the induced field it creates opposes the inducing field

Front 40

Transformers

Back 40

Step-Up: Secondary has higher electric potential (more winding)

Step-Down: Secondary has lower electric potential (less winding)

Vs/Vp = Ns/Np = Is/Ip