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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Constant Speed
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An object that moves at a constant velocity –represented in a position time graph
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Average Speed
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An average speed that involves a change in speed
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Kinematics
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The science of describing motion
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Motion
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the change n location/position described as distance,d
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Linear Motion
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Motion of an object in a straight line
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Instantaneous Speed
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the speed of an object at a given instant
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Measurements with no direction
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Scalar quantities ex. 20.0 kg
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Measurements with direction
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vector quantities ex. 15.0 m west - - - they have reference to some initial position set as 0
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Area under line of best fit
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In a speed-time figure the area under the line of best fit is the distance travelled by the object
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Constant Acceleration
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An object in motion that has direction
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Constant velocity
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no change in velocity
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Average Velocity
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the average velocity for a trip involving a change in velocity
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Positive Acceleration
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a change in velocity to increase velocity
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Negative acceleration
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a change in velocity to decrease velocity, my involves a change in direction
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Information
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When a change in velocity is at a constant rate, there is constant or uniform acceleration (positive or negative)
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Information
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The acceleration of an object can be represented by displacement(distance)
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Velocity - Information
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time figure can be plotted from determination’s of average velocity against the mid time value between the time values for the calculation of average velocity
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Dynamics
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topic of physics that deals with the motion of bodies and the forces that produce motion. It looks at the force and mass to answer the question “what causes objects to move the way they do?
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Galileo Findings
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showed that rolling spheres would move forever with no friction
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Newton's first law
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Newton’s first law stats that an object tends to remain at rest or in a state of constant linear velocity, unless acted upon by an external unbalanced net force. An external unbalanced net force is the sum of all forces acting on an object
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Inertia
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The tendency of an object to remain at rest or move with a constant velocity. Mass can be said is a measure of the inertia of an object
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Implications of Newton’s First Law
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• An unbalanced net force must be applied to an object to affect change in velocity and direction
• Objects will remain at rest forever, unless and external unbalanced force is applied • Objects will continue to move with constant linear velocity unless an external unbalances force is applied |
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Information
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When an external unbalanced net force is applied to an object, the velocity of the object changes, this change in velocity may be in magnitude and direction
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Gravitational force
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9.81 m/s2
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Work
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work is done when an external force acts on an object and the objects moves in the direction of the applied force
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Information
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When F and D are in the same direction, work can be represented graphically, Area = F x D = W
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Energy
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a measure or and objects capacity to do work. It is a non-material. It is measured in J. the byproduct of energy transformation is heat, a waste form of energy produce in large quantities by any system or interacting objects
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Potential Energy
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the energy associated with a system because of the system’s position or condition, Ep
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Gravitational potential energy
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as an object is raised, it gains gravitational potential energy
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Kinetic energy
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Energy of motion , Ek = 1/2 m x v2
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Mechanical Energy
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the energy of an object due to motion and position of the object. Em
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Law of conservation of energy
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as a object experiences a shift in energy between potential and kinetic energies, there is no reduction in mechanical energy for the object, there is no loss of energy, in other words no heat is produced.
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Law of Thermodynamics
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if a quantity of energy, ∆E, is added to a system, then this energy must appear as increased mechanical energy, ∆Em, in the system and heat due to friction, ∆H, generated by the transformation of energy
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Second law of thermodynamics
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heat is always lost by a system, since heat always travels from high heat source to a low heat source
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Efficiency
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measure of how effective a system transforms input energy into output energy
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