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131 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The rate at which velocity changes.
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Acceleration
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A mixture of two or more elements, at least one of which is a metal, that has the characteristics properties of a metal.
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Alloy
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Fluid friction action on an object moving through the air.
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Air Resistance
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The elements in Group 1A of the periodic table, not including hydrogen.
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Alkali Metals
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The elements in Group 2A of the periodic table.
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Alkaline Earth Metals
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The smallest particle of an element.
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Atom
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A unique number for each element that equals the number of protons in an atom of that element.
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Atomic Number
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A star system with two stars that revolve around each other.
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Binary Star
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Instrument used to measure thermal energy released or absorbed during a chemical or physical change.
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Calorimeter
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Any property that produces a change in the composition of matter.
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Chemical Property
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Numbers that appear before a formula in a chemical equation to show the relative proportions of each reactant and product.
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Coefficients
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A steady change in velocity.
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Constant Acceleration
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A chemical reaction in which a compound breaks down into two or more simpler substances.
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Decomposition Reaction
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The ratio of a material's mass to its volume.
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Density
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A chemical reaction in which two compounds exchange positive ions and form two new compounds.
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Double-replacement Reaction
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The percentage of the work input that becomes work output in a machine.
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Efficiency
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A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances.
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Element
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A description of a change in which a system absorbs energy from its surroundings.
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Endothermic
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A description of a change in which a system releases energy to its surroundings.
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Exothermic
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A force that opposes the motion of an object.
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Friction
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Potential energy that depends upon an object's height above a reference point.
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Gravitational Potential Energy
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The amount of water vapor in a given volume of air.
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Humidity
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A proposed answer to a question.
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Hypothesis
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The tendency of an object to resist a change in its motion.
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Inertia
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The SI unit of work, equal to 1 Newton-meter.
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Joule (J)
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The energy an object has due to its motion.
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Kinetic Energy
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A wave in which the vibration of the medium is parallel to the direction the wave travels.
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Longitudinal Wave
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The force a magnetic field exerts on a magnet, on a ferromagnetic material, or on a moving electric charge.
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Magnetic Force
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A region on a magnet where the force produced by the magnet is strongest.
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Magnetic Pole
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The ability of a solid to be hammered without shattering.
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Malleability
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The sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.
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Atomic Mass Number
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Elements with properties that fall between those of metals and nonmetals.
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Metalloids
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The product of an object's mass and its velocity.
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Momentum
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The overall force acting on an object after all the forces are combined.
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Net Force
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The elements in Group 8A of the periodic table.
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Noble Gases
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Elements that are poor conductors of heat and electric current.
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Nonmetals
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An arrangement of elements in columns, based on a set of properties that repeat from row to row.
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Periodic Table
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A change that occurs when some properties of a material change, but the substances in the material stay the same.
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Physical Change
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A covalently bonded group of atoms that has a positive or negative charge and acts as a unit.
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Polyatomic Ion
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New substances formed as a result of a chemical reaction.
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Products
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Matter that always has exactly the same composition; an element or compound are classified at this type of matter.
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Pure Substance
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The transfer of energy by waves moving through space.
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Radiation
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The opposition to the flow of electric charges in a material.
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Resistance
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A system of knowledge about the natural world and the methods used to find that knowledge.
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Science
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An organized plan used for gathering, organizing, and communicating information.
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Scientific Method
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A mixture that forms when substances dissolve and form a homogeneous mixture.
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Solution
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A substance whose particles are dissolved in a solution.
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Solute
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A substance in which a solute dissolves.
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Solvent
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The constant velocity of a falling object when the force of air resistance equals the force of gravity.
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Terminal Velocity
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The speed and direction an object is moving, measured.
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Velocity
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The force of gravity acting on an object.
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Weight
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The energy stored in chemical bonds.
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Chemical Energy
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A mixture that contains some particles that are intermediate in size between the small particles in a solution and the larger particles in a suspension.
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Colloid
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The temperature at which a substance boils; the temperature at which vapor pressure is equal to atmospheric pressure.
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Boiling Point
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The force that holds atoms or ions together as a unit.
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Chemical Bond
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Change that occurs when a substance reacts and forms one or more new substances.
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Chemical Change
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A study of composition, structure, properties, and reactions of matter.
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Chemistry
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A substance that is made from two or more simpler substances and can be broken down into those simpler substances.
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Compound
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The phase change in which a substance changes from a gas or vapor to a liquid.
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Condensation
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The transfer of thermal with no overall transfer of matter, within a material or between materials that are touching; the transfer of electric charge by direct contact with a conductor.
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Conduction
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A materials ability to allow heat or electric charges to flow
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Conductivity
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The transfer of thermal energy when particles of a fluid to move from one place to another.
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Convection
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An experiment in which only one variable, the manipulated variable, is deliberately changed at a time.
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Controlled Experiment
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The temperature at which air becomes saturated with water vapor.
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Dew Point
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A negatively charged subatomic particle that is found in the space outside the nucleus of an atom.
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Electron
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The ability to do work.
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Energy
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A friction force that opposes the motion of an object through a fluid.
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Fluid Friction
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The energy a substance must absorb in order to change from a solid to a liquid.
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Heat of Fusion
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A type of mixture in which the parts of the mizture are noticeably different from one another.
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Heterogeneous Mixture
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A type of mixture in which the substances are so evenly distributed that it is difficult to distinguish one substance in the mixture from another.
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Homogeneous Mixture
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A proposed answer to a question.
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Hypothesis
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The rate at which an object is moving at a given moment in time.
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Instantaneous Speed
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An atom or group of atoms that has a positive or negative charge.
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Ion
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The material through which a wave travels.
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Medium
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The temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to liquid.
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Melting Point
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A neutral subatomic particle that is found in the nucleus of an atom.
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Neutron
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The dense, positively charged mass located in the center of an atom
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Nucleus
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Information obtained through the senses.
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Observation
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Any characteristic of a material that can be observed or measured without changing the composition of the substances in the material.
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Physical Property
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A positively charged subatomic particle that is found in the nucleus of an atom.
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Proton
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A solid that forms and separates from a liquid mixture.
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Precipitate
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The property that describes how readily a substance combines chemically with other substances.
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Reactivity
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The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of one gram of material by one degree Celsius.
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Specific Heat
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The ratio of the distance an object moves to the amount of time the object moves.
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Speed
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Matter that always has exactly the same composition; an element or compound.
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Pure Substance
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A heterogeneous mixture that separated into layers over time.
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Suspension
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The total potential and kinetic energy of all the particles in an object.
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Thermal Energy
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A group of two or more stars held together by gravity.
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Star System
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The speed and direction an object if moving.
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Velocity
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A wave that causes a medium to vibrate at right angles to the direction in which the wave travels.
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Transverse Wave
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An electron that is in the highest occupied energy level of an atom.
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Valence Electron
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The amount of space taken up by an object.
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Volume
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A temperature of 0 Kelvin's.
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Absolute Zero
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The tendency of a liquid to keep from flowing; resistance to flowing.
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Viscosity
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The SI unit of pressure, equal to 1 newton per square meter.
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Pascal
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The study of matter and energy and the interactions between the two through forces and motion.
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Physics
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The curved path of an object in free fall after it is given an initial forward velocity.
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Projectile motion
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A substance that undergoes change in a chemical reaction.
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Reactant
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The SI unit for force, equal to the force that causes a 1-kilogram mass to accelerate at a rate of 1 meter per second squared.
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Newton
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The energy associated with motion and position of everyday objects.
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Mechanical Energy
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The variable that causes a change in another variable.
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Manipulated Variable
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The attraction between any two objects because of their masses.
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Gravity
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The movement of an object toward Earth because of gravity.
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Free fall
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A diagram of an atom, ion or molecule in which each dot represents a valence electron.
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Electron Dot Diagram
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A chemical bond in which two atoms share a pair of valence electrons.
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Covalent Bond
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A star system with two starts that revolve around each other. |
Binary star |
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The part of the experiment that changes in response to the change you make to the independent variable. |
Dependent variable |
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The phase change in which a gas or vapor changes directly into a solid with out first changing into a liquid. |
Deposition |
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A visual model of the most of the most likely locations for the electrons in an atom. |
Electron Cloud |
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The practice of finding ways to use less energy or to use energy more efficiently. |
Energy Conservation |
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A push or pull that acts on an object. |
Force |
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A huge group of stars, star systems, star clusters, dust, and gas bound together by gravity. |
Galaxy |
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The energy a substance must absorb in order to change from a liquid to a gas. |
Heat of Vaporization |
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The part of the experiment that you change to see how it affects the dependent variable. |
Independent variable |
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The force that holds cations and anions together. |
Ionic Bond |
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Atoms of a given element that have different number of neutrons and different mass numbers. |
Isotopes |
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A disturbance in matter that carries energy from one place to another. |
Mechanical Wave |
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Elements that are good conductors of heat and electric current. |
Metals |
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The amount of matter in an object. |
Mass |
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A source of energy that exists in limited quantities and once used cannot be replaced except over a course of a million years. |
Nonrenewable Energy Resources |
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A reversible physical change that occurs when a substance changes from one state of matter to another. |
Phase Change |
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Energy that is stored as a result of position or shape. |
Potential Energy |
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The result of a force distributed over an area. |
Pressure |
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A source of energy that can be replaced in a relatively short period of time. |
Renewable Energy Resource |
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A large, glowing ball of gas in space that generates energy through nuclear fusion in its core. |
Star |
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A group of two or more stars held together by gravity. |
Star System |
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A wave that travels along a surface separating two media. |
Surface wave |
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The phase change in which a substance changes from a solid to a gas or vapor without changing into a liquid. |
Sublimation |
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A measure of how hot or cold an object is compared to a reference point. |
Temperature |
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Elements that form a bridge between elements on the left and right side of the periodic table. |
Transition Metals |
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The phase change in which a substance changes from a liquid into a gas. |
Vaporization |
