Physical Science Vocab From Chapter 2

Front 1

The belief that matter is not continuous and eventually one would reach a particle that could not be divided further without changing the type of matter.

Back 1

The Particle Theory

Front 2

The building block of matter

Back 2

Atom

Front 3

The links that atoms make with each other

Back 3

chemical bonds or bonds

Front 4

The process of mixing by particle motion

Back 4

diffusion

Front 5

The movement of bits of matter in liquids and gasses

Back 5

Brownian motion

Front 6

Tiny particles in random, constant motion that make up all mater

Back 6

kinetic-molecular theory

Front 7

At the center of the atom

Back 7

nucleus

Front 8

reside only in the nucleus and normally cannot move freely.

Back 8

protons

Front 9

The nuclei of most atoms contain

Back 9

neutrons

Front 10

strange particles that fill the spherical volume of space around the nucleus like a cloud

Back 10

Electrons

Front 11

distinct particles formed when two or more atoms bond together

Back 11

Molecules

Front 12

Atoms having a mismatch of protons and electrons

Back 12

ions

Front 13

Matter that contains only one kind of atom or a fixed ratio of different atoms

Back 13

pure substance

Front 14

The simplest pure substance that contains only one kind of atom

Back 14

element

Front 15

Pure substances consisting of a fixed ratio of different atoms

Back 15

compounds

Front 16

combinations of two or more substances

Back 16

mixtures

Front 17

where the particles of the different substances are roughly the same size and are evenly mixed together

Back 17

homogeneous mixtures

Front 18

mixtures containing large clumps of distinctly different kinds of matter

Back 18

heterogeneous mixtures.

Front 19

visually different parts of a mixture are called

Back 19

phases

Front 20

Matter is usually found in one of three physical forms or

Back 20

states

Front 21

these materials make up most of the earth's matter and most of the objects in the world

Back 21

solid

Front 22

how close the particles are packed together in a given space

Back 22

compressibility

Front 23

have a definite volume, but no fixed shape

Back 23

liquids

Front 24

the resistance of liquids to flow

Back 24

viscosity

Front 25

the state in which the particles are far apart and move at high speeds

Back 25

gas

Front 26

because liquids and gases have the ability to flow they are classified as

Back 26

fluids

Front 27

the average total push of a gas divided by the area over which it is exerted

Back 27

gas pressure

Front 28

where the atoms become so cold that they lose their identities and merge into a single "super atom." Created by cooling the atoms to a temperature just shy of absolute zero.

Back 28

the Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC)

Front 29

this formation helped scientists prove a theory that a substance could be heated enough for the protons and neutrons to be shreded enough to study their building blocks

Back 29

quark-gluon plasma (QGP)

Front 30

Any feature that can be observed or measured without altering the kind of matter being studied

Back 30

physical property

Front 31

A change that does not alter the composition of the material

Back 31

physical change

Front 32

how a substance changes in the presence of another substance reveals its

Back 32

chemical properties

Front 33

The physical change where the particles vibrate so rapidly that they break out of their fixed positions and become a liquid

Back 33

melting

Front 34

When all the particles in a liquid become trapped in fixed positions

Back 34

freezing

Front 35

the change from liquid to gas

Back 35

vaporization

Front 36

the gaseous state of a substance

Back 36

vapor

Front 37

When a liquid's temperature increases to the point that it rapidly changes to a gas

Back 37

boiling

Front 38

Vaporization that occurs when the liquid's temperature is below its boiling point

Back 38

evaporation

Front 39

the change of state from a solid directly to a vapor at temperatures below the melting point of a substance

Back 39

sublimation

Front 40

occurs when thermal energy is lost from a vapor through cooling.

Back 40

Condensation

Front 41

anything that occupies a volume of space and has mass.

Back 41

matter

Front 42

usually forms at very high temperatures and like gas particles, collide with other atoms many times each second

Back 42

plasma

Front 43

occurs when atoms of different elements are rearranged and combine in different ways

Back 43

chemical change

Front 44

occurs when an atom's nucleus emits or absorbs a nuclear particle or when the nucleus splits into smaller nuclei

Back 44

nuclear change