Physical Science Semester Final

Front 1

Identify 3 physical properties

Back 1

Color, density, melting point

Front 2

What is the difference between a physical and a chemical change?

Back 2

A chemical change is a process that changes one substance into another substance. Physical changes do not change the substance itself.

Front 3

Identify 3 examples of chemical changes.

Back 3

rust

Front 4

Define a measurement standard.

Back 4

exact quantity that people agree to use to compare measurements.

Front 5

name some common metric prefixes and how much of the base unit they represent

Back 5

kilo, centi, micro, deci, milli, nane

Front 6

convert 1600 cm into meters

Back 6

16 meters

Front 7

using the scientific method, what does it mean to gather information?

Back 7

To learn as much as possible about the background of the problem. Step two in the scientific method.

Front 8

What are the steps of the scientific method?

Back 8

state the problem, gather information, form hypothesis, test hypothesis, analyze data, draw conclusion.

Front 9

compare and contrast hypothesis, theory, and scientific law.

Back 9

hypothesis: possible explanation or educated guess. theory: explanation of things based on many observations scientific law: statement about what happens in nature and seems to be true all the time.

Front 10

what is a derived unit?

Back 10

Measurement of unit for density

Front 11

when should you use various graphs?

Back 11

line graph: shows relationship between dependent variable changes due to change in independent variable. bar graph: comparing information. Circle graph: for %

Front 12

name the chapters and titles

Back 12

Ch 1: Nature of Science. Ch15: classification of matter. Ch16: solid, liquid, gas. Ch17: Properties of atoms and the periodic table. Ch18: Radioactivity and nuclear reactions. Ch19: Elements and their Properties. Ch20: Chem. bonds

Front 13

Name three examples physical changes

Back 13

Properties: size shape color density melting point
Examples:

Front 14

name three examples of chemical change

Back 14

Properties: scent
Examples: rust

Front 15

What's the difference between a chemical and physical change?

Back 15

Chem: one substance changes into another substance
Physical: does not change the original substance into another substance

Front 16

Name 3 chemical properties.

Back 16

1)reaction to light
2)flammablity
3)produces a new substance

Front 17

Define and give an example of the law of conservation of mass.(matter)

Back 17

mass of all substance that are present before chemical change equalls mass of substance

Front 18

define and give an example of homogeneous mixture.

Back 18

contains 2 or more gaseous, liquid, or solid substance blended evenly throughout
ex)soda

Front 19

define and give an example of hetrogeneous mixture

Back 19

a mixture in which different materials can be distinguished easily
ex) pizza

Front 20

define and name 3 examples of a colloid.

Back 20

a type of mixtures with particles that are larger than in solutions but not heavy enough to settle
ex)cloud,paint

Front 21

What are the major classifications of state of matter?

Back 21

solids, liquids, gases,plasma
ex)ice,water,vaporization, laza

Front 22

Draw the molecular arrangement and describe the movement of the 4 states of matter.

Back 22

solid(closely packed),liquid(moving freely),gas(far apart),plasma(high energy collision)

Front 23

what is absolute zero?

Back 23

-273.15 C,particle motion is so slow no addition thermal energy can be removed

Front 24

describe how water is diferent than other substances when it freezes.

Back 24

when temperature decreases they move closer together

Front 25

compare and contrast heat of vaporization and heat of fusion.

Back 25

heat of vaporization-boiling water to a gas
heat of fusion-solid to a liquid

Front 26

explain boyle's,charles, and pascals law and archimedes and bernoulli's principle.

Back 26

boyles-volume and pressure are opposite
charles-volume and temperature stays the same as long as pressure stays the same
pascals-toothpaste
archimedes-if you put weight in the water the
water will increase
bernoullis-velocity of water increases the pressure decreases

Front 27

Explain what makes up protons and neutrons.

Back 27

protons-electrons charge of +1
neutron- no charge

Front 28

write the chemical symbol, atomic number, group, and period of different elements from the periodic table.

Back 28

chemical symbol-H
atomic number-1
group-1
period-1

Front 29

Describe in code or draw the complete electron arrangement include levels and subshells.

Back 29

floor-nucleus
energy level 1-2 electrons
energy level 2-8 electrons
energy level 3-18 electrons
energy level 4-32 electrons

Front 30

Identify metal, metalloid, or non-metal from the periodic table.

Back 30

metal-
metalloid-
non-metal-

Front 31

compare and contrast and give an example by name and formula for ions and covalent bonds.

Back 31

ions-charged particle cause it has more or either fewer electrons then protons
covalent bond-consists of two atoms of the same element

Front 32

compare and contrast isotope and ion.

Back 32

isotope same element but diff # of n
same element but diff mass #
ion-charged particle cause it has more or either fewer electrons then protons

Front 33

what are key features of metals, metalloids, and non-metals?

Back 33

metals- malleable-can be hammered into sheets and ductile-drawn into wire
non-metals-brittle or powdery
metalloids-conduct electricity

Front 34

nonmetals form ionic bonds with...?

Back 34

metals

Front 35

non-metals form covalent bonds with...?

Back 35

other non-metals

Front 36

Draw and describe the fusion reaction commonly occurring on the sun.

Back 36

a small amount of mass is changed into enormous amount of energy

Front 37

draw and describe the fission reaction commonly occurring using U-235.

Back 37

it divides into smaller nuclei

Front 38

name and describe 3 types of radiation

Back 38

1)background 2)in the body 3) sources of background

Front 39

explain how to find the number of neutrons of an element if you know the atomic # and the atomic mass.

Back 39

mass #- # of protons=# of neutrons

Front 40

What is the atomic strong force?

Back 40

causes protons and neutrons to be attracted to each other

Front 41

what are the ratios that indicate stability vs. radioactive nuclei?

Back 41

small nuclei= 1:1
large nuclei= 2:3

Front 42

how is E=mc 2 related to fission and fusion reaction?

Back 42

small amount of mass can be converted into enormous energy

Front 43

define: condensation,evaporation, sublimation,melting

Back 43

condensation-gas to a liquid
evaporation-liquid to a gas
sublimation-solid to a vapor
melting-solid to a liquid

Front 44

what is an allotrope?

Back 44

different forms or the same element bu have different molecular structures

Front 45

the overall charge after bonds is?

Back 45

0

Front 46

why do atoms bond?

Back 46

the electric force between oppositely charged electrons and protons hold atoms and molecules together

Front 47

define oxidation #.

Back 47

# of electrons an element needs to lose,to gain, or share to get 8 in outer layer