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84 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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A region around the nucleus of an atom where electrons are found
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Energy Levels
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An uncharged particle found in the nucleus of an atom
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Neutron
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A subatomic particle identical with the neutrons of an atom
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Proton
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A subatomic particle in an atom that has a negative charge. occupies energy levels
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Electon
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The center core of an atom that contains protons and neutrons
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Nucleus
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Substance that contain only one kind of matter
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Element
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The average mass of all known isotopes of an element
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Atomic mass
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an abbreviation for an element on the periodic table
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Symbol
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The number of protons that an atom contains
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Atomic Number
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The smallest particle of an element that can exist alone or in a combinatiion with other atoms
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Atom
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The smallest particle of a compound that retains the properties of the compounds
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Molecule
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The substance made of two or more elements that connot be seperated by physical means
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Compound
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Anything that has mass and takes up space
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Matter
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A measure of a materials tendency to shatter upon impact
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Brittleness
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A measure of a solids ability to stretch and then return to its original shape and size
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Elasticity
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Measure of solid's resistance to scratching
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hardness
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a solid's ability to be pounded into thin sheets
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malleability
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A property that describes the relationship between mass and volume
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Density
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The process by which a substance in a gaseous state loses energy and enters liquid state
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Condensation
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The process by which a substance in its liquid state gains energy and enters gaseous state
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Evaporation
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The curved surface of a column of liquid in a container
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Meniscus
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A measure of the inertia of an object.
The amount of matter an object contains |
Mass
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The force exerted on an object in a liquid is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced.
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Archimedes Principle
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A measure of the upward force a fluid exerts on an object
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Buoyancy
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A substance that is capable of flowind and that changes shape at a steady rate
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Fluid
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A measure of a material's resistance to flow
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Viscosity
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The electrons in an atom that are involved in the formation of chemical bonds
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Valence electrons
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A region around the nucleus of an atom where electrons are found
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Energy Levels
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An atom that has an electrical charge
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Ions
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The attraction an atom has for the shared pair of electrons in a chemical bond
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Electronegativity
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A chemical bond that is formed when two atoms share electrons
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Covalent Bond
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A type of chemical bond between atoms that gained or lost electrons
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Ionic Bond
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A bond between two metals
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Metal Bond
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Atoms form bonds with other atoms by sharing or transfering electrons to complete an octet
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Octet Rule
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A covalent compound that consists of only two types of elements
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Binary Compounds
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Ions that contain more than one type of atom
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Polyatomic ions
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Includes the symbols for and number of atoms of each element in a compound
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Molecular Formula
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The simplist whole-number ratios by which elements combine
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Empirical Formula
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A molecule that has only two atoms of the same element
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Diatomic Molecules
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Large molecules that are composed of repeating smaller molecules called mononers
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Polymers
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Ions that contain only one type of atom
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Monatomics
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A reaction inwhich one element replaces a similar element in a compound
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Single displacement
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A reaction inwhich ions from two compounds in a solution exchange places to create different compounds.
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Double Displacement
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A chemical reaction inwhich a single compound breaks down to produce two or more smaller compounds
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Decomposition reaction
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A chemical reaction inwhich two or more substances combine to create a new compound
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Synthesis/ Addition reaction
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A reaction inwhich a substance combines with oxygen to produce H2O
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Combustion Reaction
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A change in physical properties of a substance
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Physical Change
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A change in a substance that involves the breaking and reforming of chemical bonds to make a new substance.
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Chemical Change
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The total mass of products of a reaction is equal to the total mass
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Law of Conservation of Mass
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Substances that are produced in a chemical reaction from reactants
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Products
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A substance that enters into and is altered in the course of a chemical reaction
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Reactants
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The reactant that is used up first in a chemical reaction
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Limiting Reactant
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The number of atoms in the atomic mass of an element
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Avogadro's Number
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One set of 6.02x10^23 atoms or molecules
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Mole
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A representation of a compound that inculdes the symbols and numbers of atoms in the compound
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Chemical Formula
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Determined by adding up the atomic mass units of all atoms in the compound
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Formula Mass
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The component of a solution that dissolves the solute and is present in the greatest amount
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Solvent
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The substance in a solution in the smallest amount; the solute is dissolved by the solvent
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Solute
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A mixture of two or more substances that is homogeneous at the molecular level
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Solution
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A way of visually distinguishing colloids from true solutions
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Tyndall Effect
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A type of Mixture inwhich the particles are between 1.0 and 1,000 nanometers in diameter
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Colloid
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A unit of measurement that is equal to one billionth of a meter
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nanometer
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A solution of two or more metals
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Alloy
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The state inwhich the solute in a solution is disolving and coming out of a solution at the same rate
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Equilibrium
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A type of mixture inwhich the particles are larger than 1,000 nanometers in diameter
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Suspension
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The formation of or seperation into ions by heat, electrical discharge, radiation, or chemical reaction.
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Ionization
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The state of a mixture inwhich the maximum amount of solute has dissolved in a solution.
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Saturated
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Condition of solution when more solute has dissolved that is normally possible at a given temperature.
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Supersaturated
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A solution that has a pH of 7, has equal numbers of H+ and OH-, or acidic and basic ions.
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Neutral
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A substance whose molecules in solution do not dissociate to idons and thus do not conduct electric current
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Non-Electrolyte
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A chemical that contributes to hydrogen ions, H+, to a solution
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Acid
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A chemical that contributes to hydroxide ions, OH-, to a solution
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Base
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Precipitation that has a pH level lower than 5.6
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Acid Precipitation
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The exact concentrations of H+ ions and OH- ions in a solution
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pH
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Chemicals that form ions and conduct current when dissolved in water
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Elecrolytes
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A partially charged particle emitted from the nucleus of an atom during radio active decay
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Alpha Particle
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The length of time it takes for half an amount of radio active substance to undergo radio active deacay
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Half-Life
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A photon emitted spontaneously by a radio active substance
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Gamma Rays
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Forms fo the same element that have different numbers of neutrons and mass numbers.
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Isotopes
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An electron emitted from the nucleus of an atom during radio active decay
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Beta Particles
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The process of emitting radient energy
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Radiation
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The attraction an atom has for the shared pair of electrons in a chemical bond
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Electronegativity
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A nuclear reaction that involves the splitting of the nucleus of an atom
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Fission
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A nuclear reaction that involves fusing nuclei from two atoms to make a different atom
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Fusion
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