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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Acceleration
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The time rate of change of an object's velocity
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Air Mass
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A large body of air with relatively uniform pressure, temperature, and humidity
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Aphelion
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The point at which the earth is farthest from the sun
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Atmosphere
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The mass of air surrounding a planet
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Atom
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The smallest stable unit of matter in Creation
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Atomic Number
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The number of protons in an atom
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Beta Decay
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The process by which a neutron turns into a proton by emission of an electron
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Centripetal Force
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Force that is always directed perpendicular to the velocity of an object
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Charging by Conduction
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Charging an object by allowing it to come into contact with an object which already has an electrical charge
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Charging by Induction
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Charging an object by forcing dome of the charges to leave the object
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Cohesion
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The phenomenon that occurs when individual molecules are so strongly attracted to each other that they tend to stay together, even when exposed to tension
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Concentration
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The quantity of a substance within a certain volume of space
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Condensation
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The process by which water vapor turns into liquid water
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Critical Mass
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The amount of isotope necessary to cause a chair reaction
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Earth's Crust
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Earth's outermost layer of rock
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Earthquake
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A trembling or shaking of earth as a result of rock masses suddenly moving along a fault
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Electrolysis
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Using electricity to break a molecule down into it's constituent elements
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Element
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A collection of atoms that all have the same number of protons
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Epicenter
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The point on the surface of the earth directly above an earthquake's focus
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Focus
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The point along a fault when an earthquake begins
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Free Fall
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The state of an object that is falling towards the earth with nothing inhibiting its fall
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Friction
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A force resulting from the contact of two surfaces. This force opposes motion
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Galaxy
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A massive ensemble of hundreds of millions of stars, all interacting through the gravitational force, orbiting around a common center
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Greenhouse Effect
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The process by which certain gases trap heat that would otherwise escape the earth and radiate into space
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Half-Life
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The time it takes for half of the original sample of radioactive isotope to decay
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Humidity
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The moisture content of air
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Hydrosphere
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The mass of water on a planet
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Igneous Rock
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Rock that forms from molten rock
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Isotopes
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Two or more atoms that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons
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Jet Streams
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Narrow bands of high-speed winds that circle the earth, blowing from west to east
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Kinetic Friction
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The friction that exists between surfaces which at least one of those surfaces is moving relative to the other
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Lines of Latitude
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Imaginary lines that run east and west across the earth
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Lines of Longitude
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Imaginary lines that run north and south across the earth
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Mass Number
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The sum of the number of neutrons and protons in the nucleus of an atom
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Molecule
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Two or more atoms linked together to make a substance with unique properties
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Nuclear Fission
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The process by which a large nucleus is split into two smaller nuclei
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Nuclear Fusion
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The process by which two or more small nuclei fuse to make a bigger nucleus
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Nucleus
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The center of an atom, containing the protons and neutrons
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Perihelion
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The point at which the earth is closet to the sun
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Pitch
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The highness or lowness of a sound
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Polar Molecule
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A molecule that has slight positive and negative charges due to an imbalance in the way electrons are shared
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Precipitation
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Water falling from the atmosphere as rain, snow, sleet, or hail
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Reference Point
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A point against which position is measured
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Salinity
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A measure of the quantity of dissolved salt in water
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Sediment
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A deposit of sand and mineral fragments, usually laid down by water
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Solute
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A substance that is dissolved in a solvent
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Solvent
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A liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances
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Sonic Boom
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The sound produced as a result of an object traveling at or above Mach 1
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Star Magnitude
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The brightness of a star on a scale of -8 to +17
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Static Friction
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The friction that exists between surfaces when neither surface is moving relative to the other
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Temperature
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A measure of the energy of motion in a substance's molecules
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Updraft
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A current of rising air
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Vector Quantity
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A physical measurement that contains directional information
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Water Table
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The imaginary line between the water-saturated soil and the soil not saturated with water
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