Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What are the 5 principles of relative time?
|
1. Principle of Original Horizontality
2. Principle of Superposition 3. Principle of Inclusions 4. Principle of Cross-cutting Relationships 5. Principle of Faunal Succession |
|
|
What is the Principle of Original Horizontality?
|
Sedimentary rocks are deposited in horizontal layers.
|
|
|
What is the Principle of Superposition?
|
Oldest layer will be on the bottom and the youngest on the top.
|
|
|
What is the Principle of Inclusions?
|
Solid material enclosed within another solid are older than the rock that encloses them.
|
|
|
What is the Principle of Cross-Cutting Relationships?
|
Rocks are older than the features or rocks that crosscut them.
|
|
|
What is the Principle of Faunal Succession?
|
Within stacks of sedimentary rocks, there is a pattern of change in the types of fossils the layers contain. These fossils can help us determine the relative age of different layers.
|
|
|
What is an unconformity?
|
A break or gap in the geologic record.
|
|
|
Fission-track Dating
|
A type of radioactive decay clock that uses the trails or tracks created by uranium fission decay to determine the age of geologic events.
|
|
|
Mineral
|
A naturally occurring, inorganic solid that has a specific chemical formula.
|
|
|
Quartz (example of mineral)
|
A common mineral that has a chemical formula of SiO2...
|
|
|
Feldspar
|
The name of a family of silicate minerals that are the most abundant minerals in Earth's crust.
|
|
|
Plutonic Rocks
|
Igneous rocks that solidify underground
|
|
|
Volcanic Rocks
|
Igneous rocks that col and solidify at Earth's surface.
|
|
|
Granite
|
An igneous plutonic rock that is made mostly of quartz along with sodium and potassium-rich feldspar.
|
|
|
Basalt
|
An igneous volcanic rock that is composed of calcium-rich feldspar and other iron-rich minerals.
|
|
|
Gabbro
|
An igneous plutonic rock made of the same minerals as basalt.
|
|
|
Shale
|
Sedimentary Rock
|
|
|
Calcite
|
Mineral that is usually the main component of limestone.
|
|
|
Limestone/ Marble
|
A sedimentary rock/metamorphic rock
|
|
|
Sandstone/Quartzite
|
A sedimentary rock/metamorphic rock
|
|
|
What are the continents made out of and what are the 3 major structural parts?
|
The granite part of the Earth's crust. Th continent is divided into 3 major structural parts: shield, stable platform, and folded mountain belts.
|
|
|
What's the "basement"?
|
The igneous and metamorphic rock found in the continental shields and under the sedimentary rock cover in the stable platforms.
|
|
|
What are continental shields?
|
Fairly flat region where the sedimentary cover has been completely removed by erosion, exposing the basement of igneous and metamorphic rocks beneath. They have a profile of a warrior's shield...oldest part of the continent and represent the roots of the continents.
|
|
|
What are covered shields/stable platforms?
|
Sedimentary rock covering the basement of the old igneous and metamorphic rock.
|
|
|
What are mountain belts?
|
Regions of the continents where the rocks have been highly deformed y enormous forces. These belts usually lie along the edges of the continents.
|
|
|
What is continental shift?
|
It's where part of the continent is under a shallow cover of water.
|
|
|
What is the continental slope?
|
Th boundary between the continents and the ocean basins. It is the true edge of each continent.
|
|
|
What are the 5 different evidences about earth's interior?
|
1. Direct observation of rocks from the interior.
2. Relationships to rocks from space (meteorites). 3. Inferences from Earth's density. 4. Evidence from seismic (earthquake) waves. 5. Requirements for producing Earth's magnetic field. |
|
|
What are the 3 compositional layers?
|
1. Crust
2. Mantle 3. Core |
|
|
What are the 5 mechanical layers?
|
1. Lithosphere
2. Asthenosphere 3. Mesosphere 4. Outer Core 5. Inner Core |
