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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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a change of matter from one form to another without a change in chemical properties
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Physical Change
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a change that occurs when one or more substances change into entirely new substances with different properties
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Chemical Change
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a substance or molecule that participates in a chemical reaction
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Reactant
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a substance that forms in a chemical reaction
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Product
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the energy released when a chemical compound reacts to produce new compounds
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Chemical Energy
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a chemcial reaction in which energy is released to the surroundings as heat
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Exothermic Reaction
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a chemical reaction that requires energy input
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Endothermic Reaction
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a representation of a chemical reaction that uses symbols to show the relationship between the reactants and the products
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Chemical Equation
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a number that shows the relative amount of a compound in a reaction
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coefficient
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when the number of atoms of each element on the right side of the equation matches the number of atoms of each element on the left side, the chemical equation is said to be
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balanced
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the relative number of moles of the substances required to produce a given amount of product in a chemical reaction
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mole ratio
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reaction in which two or more substances combine to form a new compound
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synthesis reaction
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a reaction in which a single compound breaks down to form two or more simpler substances
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decomposition reaction
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A+B=AB
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sythesis reaction
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AB=A+B
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decompostion reaction
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the oxidation reaction of an organic compound, in which heat is released
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combustion reaction
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a reaction in which one element or radical takes place of another element or radical in a compound
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single-displacement reaction
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CH*4 + 2O*2= CO*2 + 2H*2O
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combustion reaction
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AX + B= BX + A
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single-displacement reaction
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a reaction in which a gas, a solid percipitate, or a molecular compound forms from the apparent exchange of atoms or ions between two compounds
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double-displacement reaction
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AX + BY= AY + BX
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double-displacement reaction
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an atom or a group of atoms that has one unpaired electron
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free radical
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any chemical change in which one species is oxidized (loses electrons) and another species is reduced (gains electrons); also called redox reaction
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oxidation-reduction reactions
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a substance that changes the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed or changed significantly
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catalyst
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a molecule, either protein or RNA, that acts as a catalyst in biochemical reactions
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enzyme
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the reactant in reactions catalyzed by enzymes
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substrate
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a state of balance in which the rate of a forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reation and the concentrations of products and reactants remain unchanged
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chemical equililbrium
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three examples of physical changes (a physical change is reversable!)
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ice melting, cutting carrots, chopping wood, dissolving sugar in water, grinding meat to make hamburger
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three examples of chemical changes
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baking a cake, a nail rusting, frying an egg, burning wood, lighting a match
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are combustion reactions usually exothermic or endothermic?
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exothermic because it produces heat
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