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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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atomic number
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the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
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electrons
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a negatively charged particle with an extremely small mass
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theory of relativity
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E=mc(2); an equation that establishes the relationship between loss of mass and loss of energy; that mass and energy are equivalent
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nuclear chemistry
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the study of reactions involving atomic nuclei
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fusion
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the joining together of smaller nuclei into a larger one
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energy level
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a region in an atom that contains electrons of a certain energy
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beta particle
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a free electron emitted from a nucleus in nuclear decay
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protons
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a positively charged particle in the nucleus of an atom; 1,836 times heavier than an electron
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law of definite proportions
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a chemical compound is always made up of the same elements in the same proportions
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alpha particles
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a particle made up of 2 protons and 2 neutrons; a helium nucleus
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isotopic notation
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a special notation which shows both the atomic number and the mass number of the element
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isotopes
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different forms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons
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radioactivity
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the emission of rays and particles from an unstable nucleus
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mass number
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the sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom; also known as atomic mass
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quantum model
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represents the location of electrons as general and indefinite, with electrons being present in cloud-like orbitals
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nuclear bombardment reaction
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occurs when the nucleus is struck with atomic particles or other nuclei
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orbitals
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regions of most probable location of electrons
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fission
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the splitting of a nucleus
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atomic mass unit (amu)
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a unit used to measure the mass of an atom; 1/12 of the mass of a carbon-12 atom
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planetary model
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Bohr's model of the atom, resembling a miniature 3-D solar system
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chain reaction
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a nuclear change that occurs when one unstable nucleus emits neutrons, which cause other nuclei to split and release neutrons, which hit other nuclei and continue the reaction, releasing a tremendous amount of energy
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nucleus
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the center of an atom, which contains protons and neutrons
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atomic mass
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the total of the masses of the particles in an atom
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neutron
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a neutral particle in the nucleus of an atom, with approximately the same mass as a proton
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radioactive dating
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a method used by evolutionists to try to prove the ages of fossils and rocks using radioactive decay
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