Physical Geography Chapter 11-???

Front 1

The Hydrologic cycle

Back 1

movement of water around the planet

Front 2

runoff

Back 2

preciptiation falls to rapidly and doesnt fluctuate into the ground.

Front 3

overland flow

Back 3

1. sheet flow
2. channelized flow

Front 4

aquifer

Back 4

permenable rock or sediment that is holding ground water

Front 5

aquiclude

Back 5

impermeable rock and sediment that underlys ground water

Front 6

perched water table

Back 6

formed when there is small lens of impermeable rock
-form shallow groundwater.

Front 7

draw down

Back 7

creates a cone of depression.
-occours when well is dug and water is taken out of ground water

Front 8

point source pollution

Back 8

know were the pollution is coming from

Front 9

no point source pollution

Back 9

pollution that cannot be pointed to one place

Front 10

karst topography

Back 10

llandscape with karst landforms

Front 11

karst

Back 11

refers to dissolution of limestone

Front 12

fluival geomorphology

Back 12

the study of streams and river systems

Front 13

discharge

Back 13

volume of water/unit time

Front 14

stage

Back 14

height of stream surface

Front 15

stream Gage

Back 15

measures stage and discharge
-set up by usgs

Front 16

drainage basin

Back 16

an area in which all surface water passes through a single point

Front 17

drainage divide

Back 17

a upland that seperates drainage basins

Front 18

hydrograph

Back 18

plots discharge over time.

Front 19

lag time

Back 19

discharge peaks after rainfall

Front 20

base flow

Back 20

kind of like stage of stream
-related to water table(height of water)

Front 21

flood stage

Back 21

stage just before a river floods

Front 22

what are sources of water supply?

Back 22

overland flow
streans
groundwater

Front 23

landscape evolution

Back 23

landscapes change over geographic time

Front 24

denudation

Back 24

general lowering of the landscape

Front 25

erosional landforms

Back 25

water has removed materials

Front 26

depositional landforms

Back 26

sediment is removed to form new landforms

Front 27

rills

Back 27

closely spaced, small chanels in a hill slope

Front 28

master rill

Back 28

water chooses to move through one rill and make it larger over time

Front 29

gullies

Back 29

steep walled canyon like trenches

Front 30

headward errosion

Back 30

gullies grow progressively upslope

Front 31

hydrolic action

Back 31

the force of flowing water removing material

Front 32

abrasion

Back 32

rock particles carried by the current remove materials

Front 33

corrosion

Back 33

chemical process; material going into a solution

Front 34

badland

Back 34

geomprphic term for a landscape with extensive gullying.

Front 35

bedload

Back 35

consist of larger sediment and cobble that are bounced or slide along the bottom of the stream

Front 36

saltation

Back 36

process of sediment bouncing along the bottom of stream bed

Front 37

suspended load

Back 37

smaller particles that are held in suspension at the bottom of the stream bed

Front 38

dissolved load

Back 38

material that is being carried in a dissolved state

Front 39

stream capacity

Back 39

maximum amount of particules

Front 40

stream competence

Back 40

maximum sized particles

Front 41

landscape evolution

Back 41

how a landscape changes over time

Front 42

graded stream

Back 42

even gradient stream carries just the amount of sediment that it recieves

Front 43

waterfalls

Back 43

called nick-points
temporary on the landscape

Front 44

braided stream

Back 44

heavy bed load
lots of deposition

Front 45

meandoring stream

Back 45

migrates through its flood plain
graded system

Front 46

aggradation

Back 46

elevation of the stream bed is rising
flood plain is forming when aggredation is occouring

Front 47

degradation

Back 47

stream is cutting down into the sediment
refered to as hungry water

Front 48

entrenched mendor

Back 48

stream degrades into the bedrock

Front 49

point bar

Back 49

depostional landform on inside of a meandor bend

Front 50

cut bank

Back 50

errosional landform on the outside of a meandor bend

Front 51

cut-off

Back 51

what is left behind after a river cuts off a meander bend

Front 52

natural levee

Back 52

ridge of corser sediment thats parrellels the river on both sides

Front 53

back swamp

Back 53

flat portion of flood plain between natural levee and valley wall

Front 54

terraces

Back 54

former floodplains
a result of aggradation, then degradation

Front 55

alluvial fan

Back 55

fan shaped depositional landform created where a high energy stream emerges onto a flat plain

Front 56

bajada

Back 56

a series of coalesing fans

Front 57

playas

Back 57

broad shallow lake beds that are dry most of the year

Front 58

eolian

Back 58

means wind blown

Front 59

abrassion (wind)

Back 59

wind drives sand and silt against a surface

Front 60

Deflation

Back 60

wind picks up loss particles

Front 61

angle of repose

Back 61

max angle of sediment will sit without falling

Front 62

bachan dunes

Back 62

cresentic dunes, usually form were there is isolated pocket of sand
concave in down wind direction

Front 63

transverse dunes

Back 63

abundant sand mulitple barchan dunes

Front 64

erg

Back 64

large section of sand

Front 65

parabolic dunes

Back 65

concave upwind
also called costal blowout dunes

Front 66

coastal foredune

Back 66

vegitated dunes on a beach

Front 67

star dunes

Back 67

a result of multiple complex wind directions

Front 68

loess

Back 68

wind blown silt

Front 69

marine cliff

Back 69

a steep bank of bedrock carved out by the waves at the cut notch

Front 70

wave cut notch

Back 70

basial indentation that is cut out by the waves

Front 71

abrassion platform

Back 71

flat surface created by the retreat of a marine cliff

Front 72

marine scarp

Back 72

steep bank of soft sediment

Front 73

sea arch

Back 73

differentail errosion cut out a part of rock to form an arch

Front 74

sea stacks

Back 74

when arches fall sea stacks form

Front 75

sea caves

Back 75

similar to wave cut notch but go back further and form a cave

Front 76

calving

Back 76

a big peice of ice that falls of a glacier into the ocean

Front 77

glacier

Back 77

a large accumilation of ice, on land, affected by past or present motion

Front 78

what are two broad categories of glaciers?

Back 78

1. apline glaciers'
2. ice sheets

Front 79

alpine glaciers

Back 79

long narrow glaciers occourying former stream valleys in mountainous regions
also called mountain or valley glaciers

Front 80

ice sheet

Back 80

broad masses of ice covering large areas

Front 81

firn

Back 81

partially recrystallized snow

Front 82

accumulation

Back 82

incoming snow

Front 83

ablation

Back 83

melting or going away of the snow

Front 84

abrassion(glaciers)

Back 84

rock fragments held within the ice grind against bedrock

Front 85

plcuking

Back 85

freeze/thaw action lifts blocks from bedrock

Front 86

straitation

Back 86

narrow groves in the bedrock that are abraded by glaciers

Front 87

zone of accumulation

Back 87

zone on glaciers when accumulation exceeds ablation

Front 88

zone of ablation

Back 88

zone of glaciers when ablation exceeds accumulation

Front 89

snowline

Back 89

line between the two zones-equilibrium line
above line is accumulation and below is ablation line

Front 90

crevaces

Back 90

cracks in the brittle layer upper portion of a glacier

Front 91

cirque

Back 91

bowl shapped depression at the head of a glacier

Front 92

glacier through

Back 92

u shaped valley

Front 93

hanging valley

Back 93

u shaped triubtary valley

Front 94

arete

Back 94

knife like ridge formed by the enlargement of two cirques

Front 95

horn

Back 95

prymid like peak formed by the enlargement of three or more cirques

Front 96

col

Back 96

low point on an arete

Front 97

tarn

Back 97

a lake in a crique

Front 98

till

Back 98

unsorted unstratified galcial deposits

Front 99

moraine

Back 99

a ridge of till deposited at the margins of a glacier

Front 100

terminal moraine

Back 100

at the tumius or furthest extend of glaciaiton

Front 101

lateral moraine

Back 101

at the sides of a glacier

Front 102

medial moraine

Back 102

in the middle of a glacier

Front 103

recessional moraine

Back 103

like a terminal moraine except during a period of recession

Front 104

ground moraine

Back 104

till deposited underneath the glaciers

Front 105

roche moutnnee

Back 105

bedrock knobs reshaped by ice sheets

Front 106

ice marginal lake

Back 106

a lake along the margins of the ice

Front 107

outwash plain

Back 107

stratified sediment down valley of the glacier

Front 108

kame

Back 108

galcial delta

Front 109

eskers

Back 109

ridge of glacial aluivum that forms in tunnels beneath the ice sheet

Front 110

kettle lake

Back 110

lake in an outwash plain formed when a block of stagnite ice melts

Front 111

drumlin

Back 111

knob of till reshaped by an ice sheet

Front 112

erratics

Back 112

block of rock that is transported by glacier and dropped were it doesnt belong.