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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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temperature |
a measure of the sensible heat energy stored in matter |
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heat |
the energy stored in matter |
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latitude |
poles cool/tropics warm: due to distance from sub solar point poles wide variation / equator low variation: due to length of day |
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continentiality: land- water heating differences |
water has a higher specific heat vs. land continental climates &maritime climates |
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altitude: adiabatic cooling |
as air rises, it expands and cools--> fewer molecules in cold air so less heat high elevations tend to be cooler because of environmental lapse rate |
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temperature inversions: |
warm air is above cool air |
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ocean currents |
warm ocean currents carry heat energy; circulates in diff countries |
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water |
has high specific heat |
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water movement |
disperses heat; cold ocean currents spread cold |
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water is transparent |
sun must heat larger volume |
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evaporation |
helps cool water |
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principle temperature controls |
latitude, continentiality, ocean currents, elevation |
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continentiality |
water warms and cools slowly land warms and cools quickly |
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elevation |
high altitudes tend to be cooler |
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ocean currents |
warm ocean current carry heat energy |
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forces driving the wind |
gravity, pressure gradient force (air flows from high to low pressure), coriolis effect (momentum on a rotating sphere), &friction |
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Unequal heating affects air pressure forming convection cells |
hot--> rising--> low pressure L cold--> sinking--> high pressure H |
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mountain (night) breezes |
as air gets colder it gets more dense so gravity pulls it down the mountain |
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valley (day) breezes |
as the air warms it moves up the valley |
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sea breeze |
During the day, land heats more rapidly than water resulting in low pressure forming over land and higher pressure over water. Air moves from over the water toward land in response to the pressure gradient |
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land breeze |
During the evening, the land cools more rapidly than water promoting higher pressure over the land and lower pressure over water. The pressure gradient induces the air to flow from the land toward the water |
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Coriolis effect |
northern hemisphere--> right deflection southern hemisphere--> left deflection strong at poles absent at equator |
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Northern Hemisphere |
low cyclone: counter-clockwise high anti-cyclone: clockwise |
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southern hemisphere |
low cyclone: clockwise high anti-cyclone: counter-clockwise |
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how to draw a map of the global circulation |
1.) low pressure at equator 2.) high pressure at poles (thermal effect) 3.)alternate highs and lows 4.)pressure gradient force: high to low 5.)coriolis effect: NH right; SH: left |
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global pressure systems |
polar high sub-polar low (polar front) subtropical high (horse latitudes) equatorial low ITCZ: Intertropical Convergence Zone |
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Winds: |
Polar Easterlies Westerlies- we live here Trade Winds- tropical easterlies |
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Ocean Currents |
anti-cyclones gyres ('anti-cyclonic' :rotate like high systems) equatorial current- it's easterly |
