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47 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Geography

-the study of the earth and how humans interact with it


-2 branches: Human Geography and Physical Geography

Spatial Perspective

Why things are where they are

environmental determinism

we are limited/constrained by the environment we grow up in

possibilism

belief that environment is not the only factor that can make you who you are; you can overcome your circumstances

ethnocentrisim

idea that you view the rest of the world through your culture's eyes

maps

the most basic took for geographers

axis

Earth rotates on an axis at 1000mph

rotation

Earth rotates on an axis


23 hours, 56 minutes, 4.09 seconds

theory

story that tries to explain facts


changes when new evidence contradicts it or another theory more concisely explains the information


ex: diagnosis, hypothesis, argument, motive


in geography, models

hard sciences

easier to prove


many controls


definite answer

soft sciences

difficult to prove


many variables


unpredictable, b/c usually deals with humans

revolution

Earth revolves around the sun


365.25 days


Leap Year makes up for inacuracies

Hemispheres

4: norther, southern, eastern, western

Prime Meridian

meridian


at 0 degrees


creates eastern and western hemispheres

Longitudinal Lines/Meridians

Prime Meridian, International Date Line


360 degrees & 60 minutes


(up and down)

International Date Line

meridian


at 180 degrees


where the new day starts

Latitudinal Lines/Parallels

Equator, Tropic of Cancer, Tropic of Capricorn, Arctic, Antarctic


180 degrees & 60 minutes


(right and left)

Equator

parallel


at 0 degrees


creates northern and southern hemispheres

Tropic of Cancer and Capricorn

parallels


very hot

Arctic and Antarctic

very cold

Temperate Zones

between each Tropic and Arctic/Antarctic


often where most prosperous countries are

High latitude

90 degrees both top and bottom

Low latitude

0 degrees in the middle

Middle Latitudes

45 degrees between each high and low latitude

Map Components: Title

tells what map is about

Map Components: Compass Rose

Cardinal (N, S, E, W) and Intermediate (NE, SW, NNE, ENE) directions

Map Components: Legend/Key

what the symbols on the map mean

Map Components: scale

tells you how big something is on a map


Fraction (1:1000) vs. Graphic Scale (with the line)


ratio of map units to real units


global, national, regional, local

Large Scale

smaller things appear bigger


more detail

Small Scale

large area has less detail (ex: US map)

Where are maps most accurate?

all maps are distorted


most accurate in the center

Mercator Projection

map made for ship navigation/sailing


good for direction


bad with sizes and shapes

Robinson Projection

most accurate overall


compromise between size and shape


bad with direction


only straight lines are equator and prime meridian


everything else curves

Azimuthal/Polar Projection

shows true direction and shape


distorts size


shows from north or south pole

Equal Area Projection

excellent with size and shape


bad with direction and distance


ugly! splits map in interruptions

Great Circle Route

shortest distance between two points is traveling in an arc

aggregation

more and more specific

the degree of specificity when looking at data

the degree to which info has been summarized, put together, & displayed fro people to understand




maps are created by biased people; aggregate data to prove a point

disaggregation

more and more general when looking at data




maps are created by biased people; aggregate data to prove a point

Physical Maps

no political borders; physical features

Political Maps

political boundaries

Choropleth Maps

give information through the use of different colors

Topographic Map

shows elevation

Elevation

distance above sea level

Altitude

distance from ground

Dot Density Map

shows population density


represents numbers with dots


megalopolis- when urban areas expand so much that they all connect

Proportionate Symbols Map

the more an area uses something, the bigger the circle; using symbols to represent size

Cartogram

exaggerates size based on statistics