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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Geography |
-the study of the earth and how humans interact with it -2 branches: Human Geography and Physical Geography |
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Spatial Perspective |
Why things are where they are |
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environmental determinism |
we are limited/constrained by the environment we grow up in
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possibilism |
belief that environment is not the only factor that can make you who you are; you can overcome your circumstances |
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ethnocentrisim |
idea that you view the rest of the world through your culture's eyes |
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maps |
the most basic took for geographers |
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axis |
Earth rotates on an axis at 1000mph |
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rotation |
Earth rotates on an axis 23 hours, 56 minutes, 4.09 seconds |
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theory |
story that tries to explain facts changes when new evidence contradicts it or another theory more concisely explains the information ex: diagnosis, hypothesis, argument, motive in geography, models |
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hard sciences |
easier to prove many controls definite answer |
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soft sciences |
difficult to prove many variables unpredictable, b/c usually deals with humans |
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revolution |
Earth revolves around the sun 365.25 days Leap Year makes up for inacuracies |
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Hemispheres |
4: norther, southern, eastern, western |
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Prime Meridian |
meridian at 0 degrees creates eastern and western hemispheres |
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Longitudinal Lines/Meridians |
Prime Meridian, International Date Line 360 degrees & 60 minutes (up and down) |
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International Date Line
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meridian at 180 degrees where the new day starts |
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Latitudinal Lines/Parallels |
Equator, Tropic of Cancer, Tropic of Capricorn, Arctic, Antarctic 180 degrees & 60 minutes (right and left) |
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Equator |
parallel at 0 degrees creates northern and southern hemispheres |
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Tropic of Cancer and Capricorn |
parallels very hot |
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Arctic and Antarctic
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very cold
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Temperate Zones |
between each Tropic and Arctic/Antarctic often where most prosperous countries are |
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High latitude |
90 degrees both top and bottom |
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Low latitude |
0 degrees in the middle |
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Middle Latitudes |
45 degrees between each high and low latitude |
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Map Components: Title |
tells what map is about |
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Map Components: Compass Rose |
Cardinal (N, S, E, W) and Intermediate (NE, SW, NNE, ENE) directions |
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Map Components: Legend/Key |
what the symbols on the map mean |
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Map Components: scale |
tells you how big something is on a map Fraction (1:1000) vs. Graphic Scale (with the line) ratio of map units to real units global, national, regional, local |
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Large Scale |
smaller things appear bigger more detail |
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Small Scale |
large area has less detail (ex: US map) |
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Where are maps most accurate? |
all maps are distorted most accurate in the center |
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Mercator Projection |
map made for ship navigation/sailing good for direction bad with sizes and shapes |
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Robinson Projection |
most accurate overall compromise between size and shape bad with direction only straight lines are equator and prime meridian everything else curves |
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Azimuthal/Polar Projection |
shows true direction and shape distorts size shows from north or south pole |
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Equal Area Projection |
excellent with size and shape bad with direction and distance ugly! splits map in interruptions |
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Great Circle Route |
shortest distance between two points is traveling in an arc |
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aggregation |
more and more specific the degree of specificity when looking at datathe degree to which info has been summarized, put together, & displayed fro people to understand maps are created by biased people; aggregate data to prove a point |
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disaggregation |
more and more general when looking at data maps are created by biased people; aggregate data to prove a point |
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Physical Maps |
no political borders; physical features |
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Political Maps |
political boundaries |
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Choropleth Maps |
give information through the use of different colors
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Topographic Map |
shows elevation |
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Elevation |
distance above sea level |
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Altitude |
distance from ground |
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Dot Density Map |
shows population density represents numbers with dots megalopolis- when urban areas expand so much that they all connect |
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Proportionate Symbols Map |
the more an area uses something, the bigger the circle; using symbols to represent size |
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Cartogram |
exaggerates size based on statistics |