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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
What score on a MMSE is consistent with dementia?
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</= 23/30
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Scale is 30
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Describe the staging of skin ulcers.
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1: unbroken red skin
2: damage to dermis/epidermis 3: damage to sub-cutaneous tissue 4: muscle/bone involvement |
Stages 1 to 4
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What are the main risk factors for dementia? (4)
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H ypoxia
I nfections D rugs E lectrolyte abnormalities |
Mnemonic: HIDE
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Signs of glaucoma on a fundoscopic exam? (3)
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1) increased cup:disc ratio
2) assymetric cup:disc ratio 3) flame hemorrhages at the edge of the disc |
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What is the name of the small, yellow-white retinal lesions associated with macular degeneration?
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Drusen
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What is conjunctival edema called?
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chemosis
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Irritation has caused an abrormal triangular fold of membrane extending from the conjunctive to the cornea. What is this called?
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Pterygium
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Apparently, it looks like a wing.
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What are the symptoms of normal pressure hydrocephalus? (3)
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dementia, incontinence, and ataxia
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All neurological symptoms, sort of
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What is normal pressure hydrocephalus a consequence of?
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meningitis or a subarachnoid hemorrhage
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What are the clinical features of Pick's disease? (2)
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dementia with alterations in mood/personality
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They get picky, all of a sudden
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What are the clinical features of Creutzfeld-Jakob disease? (3)
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dementia, ataxia, myoclonus.
DEATH WITHIN SIX-TWELVE MONTHS |
The cows get clumsy and fall over.
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If multi-infarct dementia affects the white matter, what is this called?
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Binswanger's disease
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Their diathesis for infarction results in penile infarcts and ultimately Peyronie syndrome.
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What is the very basic difference between ADLs and IADLs?
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ADLs are basic tasks related to life beyond childhood, such as dressing yourself or toileting. IADLs are more complex ways to sustain yourself, like driving or shopping.
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What are the ADLs? (5)
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D ressing
E ating A mbulatin T oileting H ygiene |
Mnemonic: DEATH
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What are the IADLS? (5)
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S hopping
H ousekeeping A ccounting F ood Preparation T ransportation |
Mnemonic: SHAFT
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Which type of glaucoma is sudden-onset? Which type is more insisdious?
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Sudden: Acute angle-closure glaucoma
Insidious: Open angle glaucoma |
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What is the best test for macular degeneration?
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Amsler grid test -> patient sees wavy lines instead of grid
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Patient has Parkinsonian symptoms along with autonomic dysfunction. Dx?
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Shy-Drager syndrome
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Patient has rigidity, bradykinesia, dementia, and loss of voluntary eye movements. Dx?
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Progressive supranuclear palsy
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What are the two main findings of a cerebellar tremor?
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Intention tremor with ataxia
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A lady has no children. Is she at low risk or high risk of osteoporosis?
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High risk -> low estrogen
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Which racial groups are associated with an increased risk of osteoporosis? (3)
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Native American
Pacific Islander Northwestern European -especially blondes/redheads with freckles |
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Patient has smudge cells on peripheral blood smear. Dx?
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Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
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The answer is B
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How is sleep affected by aging?
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Less stage 3/4 sleep -> old people tire out quicker
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Patient has bowlegs and hearing loss. Dx?
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Dx: Paget's disease
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Elderly patients with leg pain has a leg that is abducted and slightly externally rotated. What kind of fracture is this?
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Femoral neck fracture
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Patient faints at the sight of blood. What type of syncope is this?
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Vasovagal - the "Common" faint
THE MOST COMMON TYPE OF SYNCOPE IS CARDIOGENIC |
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Patient tilts head to one side and then loses consciousness. He has also noticed this syncope when shaving or when wearing a tight collar. What type of syncope is this?
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carotid sinus syncope
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Patient faints during the benchpress. What type of syncope is this?
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Subclavian steal syndrome
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More blood is going to the arms
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Elderly patient has lymphatic filariasis and then has a fall. What caused the fall?
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Edema of the extremities -> clumsiness
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Is having poor sleep habits or a low energy level a cause for a fall?
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NO
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What's the usual order of loss of ADLs in the deteriorating elderly patient?
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Hygiene -> Dressing -> Toileting/Ambulating -> Eating
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DEATH
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What is urge incontinence?
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Detrusor overreactivity
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What are the 2 most common causes of urge incontinence?
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Stroke (UMN lesion)
BPH Others: Parkinson's dz, dementia |
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How do patients describe urge incontinence?
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They peed themselves after a SUDDEN URGE TO URINATE.
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A patient has slow, drippy incontinence. What type of incontinence is this?
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Overflow incontinence
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What are the categorical causes of overflow incontinence? (3)
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Acontractile bladder (DM, SCI)
Anatomic obstruction (BPH) Detrusor-Sphincter Dyssynergy (MS, Spinal Cord Lesions) |
Da nerve, Da nervus, Da outflow
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Patient dribbles urine when she laughs or sneezes. What type of incontinence is this?
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Stress incontinence
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An immobile demented patient pees himself. What sort of incontinence is this?
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Functional incontinence
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A baby pees himself. What type of incontinence is this?
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Functional incontinence
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