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83 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
abnormal ascultated breath sounds such as crackles, rhonchi, wheezes and friction rub
adventitious breath sounds
a temporary halt to breathing
apnea
incomplete expansion of the lung
atelectasis
increased anteroposterior diameter of the chest, often with some degree of kyphosis; commonly seen with COPD
barrel chest
an exaggeration of vocal resonance emanating from a bronchus surrounded by consolidated lung tissue
bronchophony
inflammation of the bronchioles
bronchiolitis
disease process which causes decreased ablility of the lungs to perform their function of ventilation
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
difficult and labored breathing, shortness of breath
dyspnea
the auditory quality associated with an increased intensity of the spoken voice along with a nasal quality. may be present in any condition that consolidates lung tissue
egophony
the coughing up of blood or bloodstained sputum from the respiratory tree
hemoptysis
an increased convex curvature of the thoracic spine
kyphosis
heard over most of the lung fields; low pitch; soft and short expirations
vesicular
heard only over trachea, high pitch; loud and long expirations, sometimes a bit longer than inspiration
tubular
heard over main bronchus area and over upper right posterior lung field; medium pitch; expiration equals inspiration
bronchovesicular
shortness of breath that begins or increases when the patient lies down
orthopnea
a striking transmission of voice sounds through the pulmonary structures, so that they are clearly audible through the stethoscope; commonly occurs from lung consolidation
pectoriloquy
forward protrusion of the sternum
pectus carinatum
depression of the sternum
pectus excavatum
quality of the sound heard on percussion of a hollow structure such as the chest or abdomen
resonance
rapid, usually shallow, breathing
tachypnea
a tremor or vibration in any part of the body detected on palpation
tactile fremitus
the transmission of a whisper in the same way as that of more readily audible speech, commonly detected when the lung is consolidated by pneumonia
whispered pectoriloquy
pigmented area surrounding the nipple
areola
lactation not associated with child bearing
galactorrhea
abnormally large mammary glands in the male; sometimes may excrete milk
gynecomastia
the production and secretion of milk from the breast
lactation
inflammation of the breast
mastitis
pain in the breast
mastodynia
the beginning of female pubertal breast development
thelarche
a balloon-like swelling of the wall of an artery, vein or heart; generally the result of a congenital defect in the wall or degenerative disease or infection
aneurysm
loss of appetite
anorexia
longitudinal splitting of the arterial wall from hemorrhage
dissecting aneurysm
abnormal intraperitoneal accumulation of serous fluid
ascites
a palpation technique used in detecting or examining a floating object in the body
ballottement
a gurgling, splashing sound heard over the large intestine; caused by passage of flatus through the intestine
borborygmi
inflammation of the gallbladder
cholecystitis
stone formation in the gallbladder
cholelithiasis
a chronic disease of the liver characterized by fibrosis and alteration of normal liver architecture into structurally abnormal nodules
cirrhosis
spasm in any hollow tubular soft organ accompanied by pain
colic
difficult defecation; infrequent defecation with passage of unduly hard dry fecal materal; sluggish action of the bowels. often this is defined as less than three bowel movements per week
constipation
frequent liquid or loose stools lasting less than four weeks in duration
diarrhea
painful or difficult bowel movement
dyschezia
imperfect digestion. not a disease in itself but symptomatic of other diseases or disorders. characterized by vague abdominal discomfort, a sense of fullness after eating, eructation, heartburn, nausea and vomiting, and loss of appetiteia
dyspepsia
difficulty in swallowing
dysphagia
an abnormal tube like passage from a normal cavity or tube to a free surface or to another cavity. may be congenital due to incomplete closure of parts or may result from abcesses, injuries, or inflammatory processes
fistula
burning gnawing pain in mid-epigastrium worsens with recumbency
gastroesophageal reflux
vomiting of blood
hematemesis
passage of stool containing blood
hematochezia
protrusion of an organ or tissue through an opening in the muscle wall
hernia
pigmentation of the tissues, membranes, and secretions of the eye with bile pigment
icterus
prolapse or telescoping of one segment of intestine into another, causing intestinal obstruction
intussusception
a condition characterized by yellowness of the skin, mucous membranes, and body fluids due to deposition of bile pigment resulting from excess bilirubin in the blood
jaundice
abdominal pain radiating to the left shoulder, due to peritoneal irritation from blood or other irritants
Kehr sign
evacuations resembling tar, due to action of intestinal juices on free blood
melena
the wavelike motion by which the alimentary tract propels its content
peristalsis
narrowing of the pyloric orifice. this may be due to excessive thickening of the circular muscle of the pylorus or hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the mucosa and submucosa
pyloric stenosis
a return or backward flow
reflux
streaks or lines (with a silvery or purple hue); skin striae result from weakening of the elastic tissue associated with pregnancy, weight gain, rapid growth periods, and high levels of corticosteroids
striae
a low pitched, resonanat, drum-like sound heard while percussing the surface of a large, air containing body space
tympany
movement of the limbs toward the lateral plane or away from the axial line of a limb
abduction
movement of the limbs toward the medial plane of the body or toward the axial line of the limb
adduction
a hereditary chronic inflammatory disease, initially affecting the lumbar spine and sacroiliac joints
ankylosing spondylitis
inflammation of a joint, usually accompanied by pain and, frequently, changes in structure
arthritis
any disease affecting a joint
arthropathy
joint affection caused by trophic degeneration
arthrosis
inflammation of a bursa, especially those located between bony prominences and muscle or tendon
bursitis
pressure on the median nerve at the point at which it goes through the carpal tunnel of the wrist
carpal tunnel syndrome
a crinkly crackling, grating feeling or sound in the joints, skin, or lungs
crepitus
contracture of palmar fascia causing the ring and little fingers to bend into the palm so that they cannot be extended.
dupuytren's contracture
outward turning, movement of the sole of the foot outward at the ankle
eversion
a painful nonarticular condition that leads to diffuse musculoskeletal discomfort
fibromyalgia
apparatus to measure joint movements and angles
goniometer
inward turning, movement of the sole of the foot inward at the ankle
inversion
outward curvature of the thoracic spine
kyphosis
concave curvature of the lumbarspine
lordosis
the act of turning the hand so the palm faces downward or backward
pronation
lateral curvature of the spine
scoliosis
the act of turning the hand so the palm faces upward
supination
inflammation of a tendon
tendonitis
inflammation of a sheath of a tendon or the tendon
tenosynovitis
tennis elbow
lateral epicondylitis
golfer's elbow
medial epicondylitis
pitcher's elbow
medial epicondylitis (posterior elbow or olecranon bursitis)