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83 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
abnormal ascultated breath sounds such as crackles, rhonchi, wheezes and friction rub
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adventitious breath sounds
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a temporary halt to breathing
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apnea
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incomplete expansion of the lung
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atelectasis
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increased anteroposterior diameter of the chest, often with some degree of kyphosis; commonly seen with COPD
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barrel chest
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an exaggeration of vocal resonance emanating from a bronchus surrounded by consolidated lung tissue
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bronchophony
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inflammation of the bronchioles
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bronchiolitis
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disease process which causes decreased ablility of the lungs to perform their function of ventilation
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chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
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difficult and labored breathing, shortness of breath
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dyspnea
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the auditory quality associated with an increased intensity of the spoken voice along with a nasal quality. may be present in any condition that consolidates lung tissue
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egophony
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the coughing up of blood or bloodstained sputum from the respiratory tree
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hemoptysis
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an increased convex curvature of the thoracic spine
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kyphosis
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heard over most of the lung fields; low pitch; soft and short expirations
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vesicular
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heard only over trachea, high pitch; loud and long expirations, sometimes a bit longer than inspiration
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tubular
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heard over main bronchus area and over upper right posterior lung field; medium pitch; expiration equals inspiration
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bronchovesicular
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shortness of breath that begins or increases when the patient lies down
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orthopnea
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a striking transmission of voice sounds through the pulmonary structures, so that they are clearly audible through the stethoscope; commonly occurs from lung consolidation
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pectoriloquy
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forward protrusion of the sternum
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pectus carinatum
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depression of the sternum
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pectus excavatum
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quality of the sound heard on percussion of a hollow structure such as the chest or abdomen
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resonance
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rapid, usually shallow, breathing
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tachypnea
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a tremor or vibration in any part of the body detected on palpation
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tactile fremitus
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the transmission of a whisper in the same way as that of more readily audible speech, commonly detected when the lung is consolidated by pneumonia
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whispered pectoriloquy
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pigmented area surrounding the nipple
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areola
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lactation not associated with child bearing
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galactorrhea
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abnormally large mammary glands in the male; sometimes may excrete milk
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gynecomastia
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the production and secretion of milk from the breast
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lactation
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inflammation of the breast
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mastitis
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pain in the breast
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mastodynia
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the beginning of female pubertal breast development
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thelarche
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a balloon-like swelling of the wall of an artery, vein or heart; generally the result of a congenital defect in the wall or degenerative disease or infection
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aneurysm
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loss of appetite
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anorexia
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longitudinal splitting of the arterial wall from hemorrhage
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dissecting aneurysm
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abnormal intraperitoneal accumulation of serous fluid
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ascites
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a palpation technique used in detecting or examining a floating object in the body
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ballottement
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a gurgling, splashing sound heard over the large intestine; caused by passage of flatus through the intestine
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borborygmi
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inflammation of the gallbladder
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cholecystitis
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stone formation in the gallbladder
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cholelithiasis
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a chronic disease of the liver characterized by fibrosis and alteration of normal liver architecture into structurally abnormal nodules
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cirrhosis
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spasm in any hollow tubular soft organ accompanied by pain
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colic
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difficult defecation; infrequent defecation with passage of unduly hard dry fecal materal; sluggish action of the bowels. often this is defined as less than three bowel movements per week
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constipation
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frequent liquid or loose stools lasting less than four weeks in duration
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diarrhea
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painful or difficult bowel movement
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dyschezia
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imperfect digestion. not a disease in itself but symptomatic of other diseases or disorders. characterized by vague abdominal discomfort, a sense of fullness after eating, eructation, heartburn, nausea and vomiting, and loss of appetiteia
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dyspepsia
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difficulty in swallowing
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dysphagia
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an abnormal tube like passage from a normal cavity or tube to a free surface or to another cavity. may be congenital due to incomplete closure of parts or may result from abcesses, injuries, or inflammatory processes
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fistula
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burning gnawing pain in mid-epigastrium worsens with recumbency
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gastroesophageal reflux
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vomiting of blood
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hematemesis
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passage of stool containing blood
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hematochezia
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protrusion of an organ or tissue through an opening in the muscle wall
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hernia
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pigmentation of the tissues, membranes, and secretions of the eye with bile pigment
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icterus
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prolapse or telescoping of one segment of intestine into another, causing intestinal obstruction
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intussusception
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a condition characterized by yellowness of the skin, mucous membranes, and body fluids due to deposition of bile pigment resulting from excess bilirubin in the blood
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jaundice
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abdominal pain radiating to the left shoulder, due to peritoneal irritation from blood or other irritants
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Kehr sign
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evacuations resembling tar, due to action of intestinal juices on free blood
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melena
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the wavelike motion by which the alimentary tract propels its content
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peristalsis
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narrowing of the pyloric orifice. this may be due to excessive thickening of the circular muscle of the pylorus or hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the mucosa and submucosa
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pyloric stenosis
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a return or backward flow
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reflux
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streaks or lines (with a silvery or purple hue); skin striae result from weakening of the elastic tissue associated with pregnancy, weight gain, rapid growth periods, and high levels of corticosteroids
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striae
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a low pitched, resonanat, drum-like sound heard while percussing the surface of a large, air containing body space
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tympany
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movement of the limbs toward the lateral plane or away from the axial line of a limb
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abduction
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movement of the limbs toward the medial plane of the body or toward the axial line of the limb
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adduction
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a hereditary chronic inflammatory disease, initially affecting the lumbar spine and sacroiliac joints
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ankylosing spondylitis
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inflammation of a joint, usually accompanied by pain and, frequently, changes in structure
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arthritis
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any disease affecting a joint
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arthropathy
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joint affection caused by trophic degeneration
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arthrosis
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inflammation of a bursa, especially those located between bony prominences and muscle or tendon
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bursitis
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pressure on the median nerve at the point at which it goes through the carpal tunnel of the wrist
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carpal tunnel syndrome
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a crinkly crackling, grating feeling or sound in the joints, skin, or lungs
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crepitus
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contracture of palmar fascia causing the ring and little fingers to bend into the palm so that they cannot be extended.
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dupuytren's contracture
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outward turning, movement of the sole of the foot outward at the ankle
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eversion
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a painful nonarticular condition that leads to diffuse musculoskeletal discomfort
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fibromyalgia
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apparatus to measure joint movements and angles
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goniometer
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inward turning, movement of the sole of the foot inward at the ankle
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inversion
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outward curvature of the thoracic spine
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kyphosis
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concave curvature of the lumbarspine
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lordosis
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the act of turning the hand so the palm faces downward or backward
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pronation
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lateral curvature of the spine
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scoliosis
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the act of turning the hand so the palm faces upward
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supination
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inflammation of a tendon
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tendonitis
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inflammation of a sheath of a tendon or the tendon
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tenosynovitis
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tennis elbow
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lateral epicondylitis
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golfer's elbow
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medial epicondylitis
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pitcher's elbow
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medial epicondylitis (posterior elbow or olecranon bursitis)
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