Physical Diagnosis Exam 1

Front 1

the patient's need for self-determination

Back 1

autonomy

Front 2

the ethical principle that means "do good" for the patient

Back 2

beneficence

Front 3

the ethical principle that means "do no harm" to the patient

Back 3

nonmaleficence

Front 4

a theory that defines the appropriate use of resources as that which results in the greatest good for the greatest number

Back 4

utilitarianism

Front 5

a growth disorder associated with a pituitary tumor

Back 5

acromegaly

Front 6

without fever, denoting a pyrexia; having a normal body temperature 36/97-38/100.4

Back 6

afebrile

Front 7

a parameter used to provide guidance regarding the appropriateness of weight for height

Back 7

body mass index

Front 8

a sign defined by growth in an infant or child below the 3rd or 5th percentiles on a growth chart

Back 8

failure to thrive

Front 9

denoting or relating to fever (<100.4 or 38

Back 9

febrile

Front 10

an indicator of a newborn's maturity

Back 10

gestational age

Front 11

a measurement that should be obtained on each visit until a child reaches 2 years of age

Back 11

head circumference

Front 12

marked by an increase in blood pressure; denoting a person suffering from high blood pressure

Back 12

hypertensive

Front 13

a condition that results fromo excessive accumulation of CSF in the brain or ventricular system

Back 13

hydrocephalus

Front 14

characterized by low blood pressure or causing a reduction in bp

Back 14

hypotensive

Front 15

indicating a normal arterial blood pressure

Back 15

normotensive

Front 16

hypotension occuring when a person assumes an erect position; sbp decrease of at least 20 or dbp decrease of at least 10 with a reflex increase in hr within 3 mins of standing

Back 16

orthostatic hypotension

Front 17

variation in bp occuring in an artery during the cardiac cycle; difference between the sbp and dbp. a reading of 30-50 is normal

Back 17

pulse pressure

Front 18

respiratory rate (normal range)

Back 18

in adults 12-20 breaths per minute

Front 19

a bluish discoloration of the hands and feet may be present at birth and may persist for several days or longer if the newborn is kept in cool, ambient temperatures

Back 19

acrocyanosis

Front 20

hair loss

Back 20

alopecia

Front 21

shaped like a ring; used to describe a lesion that forms a ring around a clear center of normal skin

Back 21

annular

Front 22

thinning of the skin surface and loss of skin markings; skin transluscent and paper-like

Back 22

atrophy

Front 23

vesicle greater than 1cm

Back 23

bulla

Front 24

a diffuse, acute infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue

Back 24

cellulitis

Front 25

a facial discoloration common during pregnancy; also called the mask of pregnancy

Back 25

chloasma

Front 26

referring to lesions that run together

Back 26

confluent

Front 27

dried serum, blood, or purulent exudates; slightly elevated; size varies; brown, red, black, tan, or straw-colored

Back 27

crust

Front 28

a marbled or mottled appearance to the skin of a newborn when exposed to decreased temperatures; occurs because newborn's immature vascular systems are unable to adapt to temperature changes

Back 28

cutis marmorata

Front 29

elevated, circumscribed, encapsulated lesion; in dermis or subcutaneous layer; filled with liquid or semi-solid material

Back 29

cyst

Front 30

referring to a lesion that follows a nerve or segment of the body

Back 30

dermatomal

Front 31

a contusion or a bruise

Back 31

ecchymosis

Front 32

loss of part of the epidermis; depressed, moist, glistening; follows rupture of a vesicle or bulla

Back 32

erosion

Front 33

loss of the epidermis; linear hollowed out, crusted area

Back 33

excoriation

Front 34

linear crack or break from the epidermis to the dermis; may be moist or dry

Back 34

fissure

Front 35

inflammation and infection of the hair follicle and surrounding dermis

Back 35

folliculitis

Front 36

a deep-seated infection of the pilosebaceous unit

Back 36

furuncle

Front 37

a skin coloration that occurs in some newborns in response to changes in position

Back 37

harlequin color change

Front 38

irregular-shaped, elevated, progressively enlarging scar; grows beyond the boundaries of the wound; caused by excessive collagen formation during healing

Back 38

keloid

Front 39

fine, silky hair of newborns

Back 39

lanugo

Front 40

rough, thickened epidermis secondary to persisten rubbing, itching, or skin irritation; often involves flexor surface of extremity

Back 40

lichenification

Front 41

a flat, circumscribed area that is a change in the color of the skin; less than 1cm in diameter

Back 41

macule

Front 42

areas of deep bluish-gray pigmentation most commonly on the sacral aspect of a newborn

Back 42

mongolian spots

Front 43

elevated, firm, circumscribed lesion; deeper in dermis than a papule; 1-2 cm in diameter

Back 43

nodule

Front 44

an elevated, firm, circumscribed area; less than 1 cm in diameter

Back 44

papule

Front 45

a flat, nonpalpable, irregular shaped macule greater than 1 cm in diameter

Back 45

patch

Front 46

tiny, flat purple or red spots on the skin surface, resulting from ninute hemorrhages within the dermal layer

Back 46

petechiae

Front 47

elevated, firm, and rough lesion with flat top surface greater than 1 cm in diameter

Back 47

plaque

Front 48

elevated, superficial lesion; similar to a vesicle but filled with purulent fluid

Back 48

pustule

Front 49

heaped-up, keratinized cells; flaky skin; irregular; thick or thin; dry or oily; variation in size

Back 49

scale

Front 50

thin to thick fibrous tissue that replaces normal skin following injury or laceration to the dermis

Back 50

scar

Front 51

fine, irregular, red lines produced by capillary dilation

Back 51

telangiectasia

Front 52

elevated and solid lesion; may or may not be clearly demarkated; deeper in dermis; greater than 2 cm in diameter

Back 52

tumor

Front 53

elevated, circumscribed, superficial, not into dermis; filled with serous fluid; less than 1 cm in diameter

Back 53

vesicle

Front 54

elevated, irregular-shaped area of cutaneous edema; solid, transient, variable diameter

Back 54

wheal

Front 55

loss of epidermis and dermis; concave, varies in size

Back 55

ulcer

Front 56

reddish inflammation of the lip or lips and production of fissures that radiate from the angles of the mouth

Back 56

angular cheilosis

Front 57

absence of the sense of smell. It may be due to lesion of the olfactory nerve, obstruction of the nasal fosssae, or functional without any apparent causative lesion

Back 57

anosmia

Front 58

microbial destruction or necrosis of teeth

Back 58

caries

Front 59

the soft, brownish yellow, waxy secretion (modified sebum) of the ceruminous glands of the external auditory meatus

Back 59

cerumen

Front 60

inflammation and cracking of the lips

Back 60

cheilitis

Front 61

a mass of keratinizing squamous epithelium and cholesterol in the middle ear, usually caused by chronic otitis media, with squamous metaplasia or extension of squamous epithelium inward to line an expanding cystic cavity that may involve the mastoid and erode surrounding bone

Back 61

cholesteatoma

Front 62

bleeding from the nose

Back 62

epistaxis

Front 63

multiple small, white, epithelial inclusion cysts found in the midline of the palate in newborn infants

Back 63

epstein pearls

Front 64

ectopic sebaceous glands of the buccal mucosa appearing as small yellow-white raised lesions found on the inner surfaceand vermillion border of the lips

Back 64

fordyce spots

Front 65

small fold of tissue that attaches the tongue to the floor of the mouth

Back 65

frenulum

Front 66

inflammation of the gingiva

Back 66

gingivitis

Front 67

small red spots with bluish-white centers on the buccal mucosa opposite the molar teeth, appearing in the prodromal stage of measles

Back 67

koplik's spots

Front 68

circumscribed, firmly attached, thick white patches on the tongue and other mucous membranes, often occuring as a precancerous growth. Often associated with pipe smoking and snuff

Back 68

leukoplakia

Front 69

area of the throat that is located between the mouth and nasopharynx

Back 69

oropharynx

Front 70

inflammation of the exernal auditory canal, usually due to bacterial or fungal infection; swimming, cerumen accumulation, foreign body, and trauma may all be predisposing factors

Back 70

otitis externa

Front 71

inflammation/infection of the middle ear, or tympanum

Back 71

otitis media

Front 72

deep infection in the space between the soft palate and tonsil

Back 72

peritonsilar abcess

Front 73

inflammation/infection of the mucous membrane and underlying parts of the pharynx

Back 73

pharyngitis

Front 74

the impariment of hearing due to aging

Back 74

presbycusis

Front 75

inflammation of the nasal mucosa

Back 75

rhinitis

Front 76

a thin watery discharge from the nose

Back 76

rhinorrhea

Front 77

an auditory sensation in the absence of sound heard in one or both ears, such as ringing, buzzing hissing or clicking

Back 77

tinnitus

Front 78

small, whitish uric acid crystals along the peripheral margins of the auricles in persons who may have gout

Back 78

tophi

Front 79

a bony protuberance on the lingual aspect of the lower jaw in the canine-premolar region

Back 79

torus mandibularis

Front 80

a bony protuberance in the midline of the hard palate

Back 80

torus palatinus

Front 81

the formation of dense connective tissue in the middle ear, often resulting in hearing loss when the ossicles are involved

Back 81

tympanosclerosis

Front 82

adjustment of the eye for various distances through modification of the lens curvature

Back 82

accommodation

Front 83

inequality of the diameter of the pupils; may be normal or congenital

Back 83

anisocoria

Front 84

a condition in which part or all of the crystalline lens of the eye is absent, usually because of surgical removal for the treatment of cataracts

Back 84

aphakia

Front 85

the watery transparent liquid containing trace of albumin and small amounts of salts produced by the iris, ciliary body, and cornea. It circulates through the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye

Back 85

aqueous humor

Front 86

opaque white ring about corneal periphery, seen in many individuals older than 60 years of age. Due to deposit of lipids in the cornea or to hyaline degeneration. May indicate a lipid disorder, most commonly type II hyperlipidemia if present before the age of 40

Back 86

arcus senilis

Front 87

an abnormal condition in which the light rays cannot be focused clearly in a point on the retina because of an irregular curvature of the cornea or lens

Back 87

astigmatism

Front 88

opacity of the lens; most commonly resulting from denaturation of the lens protein caused by aging

Back 88

cataracts

Front 89

small, hard tumor analogous to sebaceous cyst developing on the eye lids, formed by the distention of a meibomian gland with secretion

Back 89

chalazion

Front 90

the middle vascular tunic of the eye lying between the retina and sclera. dark brown vascular coat of the eye between the sclera and retina, extending from ora serrata to optic nerve. consists of blood vesssels united by connective tissue containing pigmented cells and is made up of five layers

Back 90

choroid

Front 91

the thickened part of the vascular tunic of the eye that joins the iris with the anterior portion of the choroid. consists of three zones: ciliary disk, ciliary crown, and ciliary muscle

Back 91

ciliary body

Front 92

the photosensitive, outward-directed, conical process of a cone cell essential for sharp vision and color vision; cones are the only photoreceptor in the fovea centralis and become interspersed with increasing numbers of rods toward the periphery of the retina

Back 92

cones

Front 93

the mucous membrane investing the anterior surface of the eyeball and the posterior surface of the lids

Back 93

conjunctiva

Front 94

inflammation of the conjunctiva caused by infectious agents or by allergies; commonly called pinkeye

Back 94

conjunctivitis

Front 95

the clear, transparent anterior portion of the fibrous cout of the eye comprising about one sixth of its surface. It is the chief refractory structure of the eye

Back 95

cornea

Front 96

perception of spatial relationships; three dimensional perception. The visual ability to judge depth or distance

Back 96

depth perception

Front 97

a conditon characterized by dot hemorrhages or microaneurysms and the presence of hard and soft exudates

Back 97

diabetic retinopathy (background)

Front 98

a condition characterized by development of new vessels as a result of anoxic stimulation; vessels grow out of the retina toward the vitreous humor

Back 98

diabetic retinopathy (proliferative)

Front 99

refractive power of lens with focal distance of 1 meter, used as a unit of measurement in refraction

Back 99

diopter

Front 100

the condition in which a single object is percieved as two objects (double vision)

Back 100

diplopia

Front 101

small, hyaline, globular pathological growths formed on optic papilla or on Descemet's membrane

Back 101

drusen

Front 102

eversion (outward rolling) of an edge or margin; as the edge of the eyelid

Back 102

ectropion

Front 103

inversion (inward rolling) of an edge or margin; especially the margin of the lower eyelid

Back 103

entropion

Front 104

an increase in volume of the orbital content, causing a protrusion of the globes forwardl it may be bilateral or unilateral. most common cause of bilateral is Grave's disease, but when unilateral protrusion is noted a retro orbital tumor must be suspected

Back 104

exopthalmos

Front 105

an error of refraction in which, with accommodation completely relaxed, parallel rays come to focus behind the retina

Back 105

farsightedness

Front 106

a disease of the optic nerve wherein the nerve cells die, producing increased cupping appearance of the optic nerve. an abnormal condition of elevated pressure within an eye resulting from obstruction of the outflow of aqueous humor. produces defects in the visual field and may result in blindness

Back 106

glaucoma

Front 107

blindness for half the field of vision in one or both eyes

Back 107

hemianopia

Front 108

a suppurative inflammation of a sebaceous gland of the eyelid

Back 108

hordeolum

Front 109

another term for farsightedness

Back 109

hyperopia

Front 110

blood in the anterior chamber of the eye in front of the iris

Back 110

hyphema

Front 111

the colored contractile membrane suspended between the lens and cornea in the aqueous humor of the eye, separating the anterior and posterior chambers of the eyeball and perforated in the center by the pupil. by contraction and dilation it regulates the entrance of light

Back 111

iris

Front 112

inflammation of the iris

Back 112

iritis

Front 113

in the US, a person is usually considered legally blind when vision in the better eye, corrected by glasses is 20/200 or less, or in the case of a constricted field of vision: 20 degrees or less in the better eye

Back 113

legal blindness

Front 114

abnormal contraction of pupils

Back 114

miosis

Front 115

a condition resulting from a refractive error in which light rays entering the eye are brought into focus in front of the retina

Back 115

myopia (nearsightedness)

Front 116

decreased ability to see in reduced illumination. seen in patients with impaired rod function; often associated with a deficiency of vitamin a

Back 116

night blindness

Front 117

involuntary rhythmic movements of the eyes; the oscillations may be horizontal, vertical, rotary, or mixed

Back 117

nystagmus

Front 118

edema of the optic disc resulting in loss of definition of the disc margin; the cause often is increased intracranial pressure

Back 118

papilledema

Front 119

vision resulting from retinal stimulation beyond the macula

Back 119

peripheral vision

Front 120

a harmless yellowish triangular nodule in the bulbar conjunctiva on either side of the iris that stops at the limbs

Back 120

pinguecula

Front 121

hyperopia and impaired near vision rom loss of lens elasticity, generally developing during middle age

Back 121

presbyopia

Front 122

a triangular (patch like) thickening of the bulbar conjunctiva that grows slowly to the outer surface of the cornea,usually from the nasal side, and may cover a portion of the cornea

Back 122

pterygium

Front 123

the drooping of one or both upper eyelids

Back 123

ptosis

Front 124

the tiny aperture in the margin of each eyelid that opens to the lacrimal duct

Back 124

punctum

Front 125

a response caused by light illuminating the retina

Back 125

red reflex

Front 126

the act of determining the nature and degree of the refracive errors in the eye and correction of them by lenses

Back 126

refraction

Front 127

the sensory network of the eye that transforms light impulses into electrical impulses, which are transmitted through the optic nerve

Back 127

retina

Front 128

a chronic progressive disease, which may occur in childhood, characterized by degeneration of the retinal neuroepithelium

Back 128

retinitis pigmentosa

Front 129

an embryonic malignant glioma arising from the retina usually during the first two years of life. intitial diagnostic finding is usually a yellowish or white light reflex seen at the pupil

Back 129

retinoblastoma

Front 130

the photosensitive, outward-directed process of a rhodopsin-containing rod cell in the external granular layer of the retina; many millions of such rods, together with the cones, form the photoreceptive layer of rods and cones

Back 130

rods

Front 131

a tough white fibrosis tissue which covers the so called white of the eye. it extends from the optic nerve to the cornea

Back 131

sclera

Front 132

superficial and deep inflammation of the sclera

Back 132

scleritis

Front 133

a condition in which both eyes do not focus on the same object simultaneously, however either eye can focus independently

Back 133

strabismus

Front 134

inflammation of the iris, ciliary body, and choroid or the entire uvea

Back 134

uveitis

Front 135

a transparent jellylike substance that fills the cavity of the eyeball, enclosed by the hyaloid membrane; it is composed of a delicate network enclosing in its meshes a watery fluid

Back 135

vitreous body