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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the ectocervix?
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the vaginal surface of the cervix, easily seen with a speculum
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Describe the 2 types of epithelium covering the extovervix
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• columnar epithelium (surrounds the os)
• squamous epithelium (shiny & pink continuous w/ the vaginal lining |
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What does the term adnexa refer to?
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ovaries, tubes, and supporting tissues
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What is the pouch of Douglas?
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• a cul de sac called the rectouterine pouch, which is behind the uterus
• palpable on rectovaginal examination |
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What is the difference between primary & secondary ammenorrhea?
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• primary amenorrhea is the the failure to initate periods
• secondary amenorrhea is the cessation of periods after they have been established |
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What is oligomenorrhea?
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infrequent periods which may also be irregular
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What is polymenorrhea?
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abnormal frequent periods
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What is menorrhagia?
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an increase amount or duration of flow
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What is metorrhagia?
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• intermenstrual bleeding
• bleeding occuring between periods |
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Describe the gravida-para system
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• G = gravida, or total number of pregnancies
• P = para, outcomes of pregnancies; notions include F (full-term), P (premature), A (abortion), L (living child) |
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What is vaginismus?
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• an involuntary spasm of the muscles surrounding the vaginal origice
• makes intercourse painful or impossible |
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What are the 2 primary types of cervical cancer?
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• squamous cell carcinomas (80-90%)
• adenocarcinomas in glandular cells (10-20%) |
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What is the preinvasive pathologic precursor to cervical cancer?
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cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
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What is pediculosis pubis?
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lice or "crabs," suggested by excoriation or itchy, small, red maculopapules
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What can a yellowish discharge on an endocervical swab suggest?
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mucopurulent cervicitis, commonly caused by:
• Chalmtdia trachomatis • Neisseria gonorrhoeae • Herpes Simplex |
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Describe an epidermoid cyst
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a small, firm, round cystic nodule in the labia yellowish in color
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What is Condyloma Acuminatum?
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• vernereal wart
• warty lesions on the labia and within the vestibule • result from infection w/ HPV |
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What is a cystocele?
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• a bulge of the upper two thirds of the anterior vaginal wall, together w/ the bladder
• results from weakened supporting tissues |
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What is a cystourethrocele?
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bulge involving the entire anterior vaginal wall, together w/ the bladder and urethra
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What is a urethral caruncle?
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• a small, red, benign tumor visible at the posterior part of the urethral meatus
• occurs chiefly in postmenopausal women and usually causes no symptoms |
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What are physical findings of a Bartholin's gland infection?
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• tense, hot, tender abscess
• pus coming out of the duct or erythema around the duct opening • a nontender cyst is felt (in chronic cases) |
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What is a rectocele?
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• a herniation of the rectum into the posterior wall of the vagina
• due to a weakness or defect in the endopelvic fascia |
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What is a retention cyst?
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• a form of metaplasia of columnar epithelium
• appears as one or more translucent nodules on the cervical surface • has no pathologic significance |
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What are characteristics of cervical polyps?
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• usually arises from endocervical canal
• bright red, soft, and fragile • benign, but may bleed |
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What are some factors that can increase the risk of cervical cancer?
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• early frequent intercourse
• infection w/ HPV • multiple partners • smoking |
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What are some causes of vaginal discharge?
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• Trichomonal vaginitis
• Candidal Vaginitis • Bacterial Vaginosis |
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What are some signs & symptoms of bacterial vaginosis?
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• thin , homogeneous, gray or white discharge
• malodorous (fishy or musty genital odor) • vulva & vaginal mucosal usually normal |
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What are lab test that can help confirm a diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis?
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• scan saline wet mount for clue cells (epithelial cells w/ stippled borders)
• sniff for fishy odor after applying KOH |
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What is retroversion of the uterus?
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a tilting backward of the entire uterus, including body and cervix
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What is the difference between moderate and marked retroversion?
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• in moderate retroversion, the body of the uterus may not be palpable with either hand
• in marked retroversion, the body can be felt posterioly (either through the posterior fornix or rectum) |
