Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Fastest growth in lifespan
|
height and weight gains
|
|
Cephalocaudal trend
|
head develops more radily than lower body
|
|
Proximodistal trend
|
center of body outward
|
|
Evidence of sensitive periods in brain development
|
Babies born with cataracts suffer blindness if surgery delayedOlder adoptees more cognitive impairment
|
|
Sleeping arrangement
|
in middle class US families - no cosleepingelsewhere and in kentucky and black people more cosleeping
|
|
Breast feeding advantages/disadvantages
|
Provides correct balance of fat and protein and nutritionProtects against diseasesHelps ensure phys growthProper jaw development, transition to solid foodsMakes babies hungry more often
|
|
Bottle feeding
|
do not differ in emotional adjustment, no cognitive benefit
|
|
fatness in infancy and adulthood
|
more fat babies stay fat in adulthood nowtv, breastfeeding, and obese parents variables
|
|
Malnutrition effects
|
marasmus and kwashiorkor, disrupted body and brain growthintellectual and emotional impairments
|
|
Nonorganic failure to thrive
|
growth disorder caused by lack of affection and stimulation at 18 months
|
|
extinction in classical conditioning
|
CS presented alone with out UCS too many times, CR no longer occurs
|
|
habituation and recovery (dishabituation) example
|
infants shift from novelty preferences to famiiarity
|
|
Baby imitation
|
unclear whether or not its reflexive
|
|
Gross motor development
|
control over actions that help infants get around environmentwalking, standing, crawling
|
|
Fine motor development
|
smaller movementsgrasping, reaching
|
|
Age infants typically sit alone, crawl and walk alone
|
sit - 7 mocrawl - 7mowalk -11 mo
|
|
Dynamic systems theory of motor development
|
shows motor development not genetically determined because its motivated by exploration and desire to master new tasks
|
|
microgenetic research
|
study of innate skills developped through interaction with environment
|
|
foot reaching violation of cephalacophal trend?
|
depends on anatomy of body part being used, surrounding environment and baby's efforts
|
|
milestones in voluntary reaching
|
PrereachingUlnar grasp (clumsy)Pincer grasp
|
|
Ulnar grasp vs pincer
|
clumsy wrap fingers around palm vs thumb and forefinger increased ability
|
|
Earlier reaching behavior in infants
|
modest visual stimulation reached earlier and better than non and over stimulated
|
|
Stimulation and motor development
|
Trying to push infants beyond their readiness to handle stimulation undermines development of important motor skills
|
|
Age toddlers ready for toilet training
|
Older than 2 years
|
|
Age infants differentiate melodies, recognize familiar words, detect clauses and phrases
|
6-7 mo diff melodies, 7-9 mo familiar words12 mo clause and phrases
|
|
Evidence for babies sensitive period to culture specific learning
|
in monkey faces, babies fail to differentiate after 9 moBiologically prepared to zero in on socially meaningful perceptual distinctions
|
|
Age can discriminate colors
|
4 months
|
|
Infants learn depth and what motor skill at the same time
|
crawling
|
|
More experience and visual cliff task
|
More experienced crawler scared to go over visual cliffcrawling promotes 3d understanding
|
|
Interventions that help blind infants overcome delays
|
combine sound and touch, reptition, language stimulation
|
|
Depth perception
|
Responsiveness to motion developsthen sensitivity to binocular and then pictorial cues6-7 mo
|
|
Pattern perception
|
contrast sensitivyFirst stare at single high contrast featuresThen explore internal features of pattern and detect organization2-3 mo
|
|
Face perception
|
Prefer to look at photos and simplified drawing of facesSensitive to outlines of moms face as newborn, prefer her features at 2 mo, recog fine differences 3 mo, percieve emotional expresions at 5 mo
|
|
Habituation research in testing infant perception
|
reveals that at 4 mo, infants percieve ball's path as continuous as it moves back and forth behind screen
|
|
Gibson's differentiation theory of perceptual development
|
infants actively search for invariant features of environment in a constantly changing perceptual worldguided by discovery of affordances
|
|
affordances
|
action possibilities that situation offers the individual
|