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9 Cards in this Set
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Physical Clinical Labs
Elissa J. Mullen, ND |
Clinical Lab diagnosis flash cards were written to have a quick portable review. Please let me know of any mistakes, updates or additional information that you believe would add to other Naturopathic doctors passing the Clinical lab exam.
I reviewed these cards using Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis notes taught by the brilliant Dr. Berman. (Bastyr University, 2003) Thanks, good luck everyone…Elissa drelissa@seattlewellnessprograms.com |
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Table of Contents
Hemostasis 13 Clotting Factors – Common tests 15 INR 17 Clotting Deficiencies 19 D-Dimer 21 Thrombocytopenia 23 Thrombocytopenia 25 Thrombocytosis 27 Erythrocytosis 29 EIA Testing (Enzyme Immuno Assay) 31 HIV -EIA 33 HIV-Western Blot Test 35 Viral Load with PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) 37 ANA 39 Anti-dsDnA 41 Anti SM/RNP 43 Anti-SS-A/Anti-SS-B 45 RF 47 Anemia 49 |
CBC 51
Sucrose hemolysis test 53 Direct Comb’s test 55 MCV/MCH/MCHC 57 Ferritin 59 Iron and Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC)/Transferrin Saturation 61 RED CELL MORPHOLOGICAL ABNORMALITIES 63 Hypochromic 65 Polychromic 67 Anisocytosis 69 Microcytic 71 Macrocytosis 73 Spherocytosis 75 Stomatocytosis 77 Acanthocytosis 79 Target Cells 81 Elliptocytosis 83 Schistocytosis 85 Echinocytes 87 Sickle Cells 89 Tear Drop Cells 91 Rouleaux Formation 93 Howell-Jolly Bodies 95 |
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Basophilic stippling 97
Bite Cells 99 WBC count 101 WBC differential 103 Eosinophils 105 Basophils 107 Neutrophils 109 Autoimmune Collagen/Vascular Disorders 111 Lupus Erythematosus 113 Dermatomyositis 115 Scleroderma 117 CREST syndrome 119 HLA-B27 antigen 121 Common Labs 123 Electrolytes 125 Acid base disorders / Differential diagnosis 127 Alkaline phosphatase 129 ALT 131 AST 133 Ammonia 135 Amylase 137 Lipase 139 Albumen (ALB) 141 |
Total Protein 143
Bilirubin 145 B12 147 Calcium 149 Hyperparathyroidism 151 Hypoparathyroidism 153 Phosphate 155 Uric Acid 157 Acute Gouty Arthritis 159 Liver Disease 161 Standard Liver Panel 163 Sarcoidosis 165 ACE 167 Polycythemia Vera 169 Chronic Glomerulonephritis 171 Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia 173 Sjögrens 175 Cholesterol 177 Triglyceride 179 Creatine Kinase 181 Troponin 183 Creatinine 185 ESR/CRP 187 |
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CK/CPK 189
Myoglobin 191 α-Fetoprotein 193 PSA 195 Globulin 197 Glucose 199 Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase (GAD)/ IA2- Autoantibodies 201 Hemoglobin A1c 203 Homocysteine 205 LDH 207 Magnesium 209 K+ / Potassium 211 Na+ / Sodium 213 HCO3- / Bicarbonate 215 Cl- / Chloride 217 BUN/ Creatinine 219 TSH 221 Urnialysis 223 GFR/Creatinine Clearance 225 UA/Microscopy I 227 UA/Microscopy II 229 hCG 231 24 Hour Urine 233 |
Urine Specfic Gravity 235
Urine Color 237 Urine Odor 239 Hormones 241 ANF 243 Cortisol/Dexamethason suppression 245 Disorders of Cortisol Secretion 247 DHEA 249 Estrogen 251 Progesterone 253 FSH/LH 255 Gastrin 257 Growth Hormone 259 hCG 261 Prolactin 263 Testosterone 265 Thyroid 267 Thyroid Anatomical problems 269 T3/T4/TSH 271 Thyroid antibody 273 Vitamin D 275 Gastrointestinal 277 Helicobacter pylori- Antibodies 279 |
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Urea Breath test 281
Diarrhea Syndromes Classified by Predominant Features I 283 Diarrhea Syndromes Classified by Predominant Features II 285 Stool Cultures 287 Stool Analysis 289 Colonoscopy 291 Sigmoidoscopy 293 Upper GI endoscopy 295 ERCP 297 Gliadin Antibody Profile, IgG, IgA, by EIA 299 Gynecological 301 Syphilis 303 Gonorrhea 305 Chlamydia 307 Candidiasis 309 HPV 311 Molluscum contagiosum 313 Pap Smear 315 LEEP 317 CA-125 -Ovarian Cancer 319 Breast Discharge 321 Beta-Hemolytic Streptococcus 323 Herpes Simplex 325 |
KOH 327
Infectious Disease 329 Throat Swab 331 Streptococcus A 333 Streptococcus B 335 Nasal Smear 337 Dermatophytes 339 Acid-fast Bacillus 341 Gram Positive 343 Gram Negative 345 CMV Antibodies, IgG 347 Bacillus Anthracis 349 Meningitis 351 EBV 353 Escherichia coli 0157: H7 355 Hepatitis 357 Lyme disease IgM AB 359 TB 361 Rubella 363 Parvovirus B19- fifth disease 365 Tumor Markers 367 Tumor Markers-Sensitivity & Specificity 369 Pulmonary Function tests 371 |
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Hemostasis
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• Definition: Balance between clotting and bleeding
• Platelet Count—CBC o Norm: 150,000 – 450,000/L • 3 Main Functions 1. Retain blood in vessels 2. Localize reactions to site of injury 3. Repair and reestablish blood flow |
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Clotting Factors – Common tests
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Common tests;
• Prothrombin time (extrinsic pathway) Prothrombin F1=2 and INR o Measures Extrinsic and Common pathway effectiveness o Factors: I, II, V, X, VII • Activated Partial thromboplastim Time (intrinsic pathway) o Measures Intrinsic and Common pathways o Factors: I, II, V, X, VIII, IX, XI, XII • Thrombin time (Functional Fibrinogen) • Factoassyas • Anticoagulant interference o Heparin o Coumadin • Fibrin Degradation Products • Protamine Sulfate • Protein C • Anti-thrombin III |
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INR
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International normalized ratio:
• WHO standardized control of anticoagulant therapy internationally • Ratio of patient PT to control PT x international sensitivity index (ISI) • A standard reference range is not available for this test. Because reference values are dependent on many factors, including patient age, gender, sample population, and test method, numeric test results have different meanings in different labs. • For most clinical conditions, an INR of 2.5 to 3.0 indicates the appropriate dosage. INR values above 5.0 can be dangerous. INR values of 1.0 indicate no Coumadin effect at all. |
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Clotting Deficiencies
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1. I, II, VII
2. VIII a. Hemophilia A b. Von Willebrands- autosomal dominant 3. IX a. Vitamin K Deficiencies - Hemorrhagic Disease of the Newborn b. Liver disease c. DIC 4. X, XI, XII, XIII 5. Fibrinolysis |
