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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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physical state
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material condition of a substance
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equation of state
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mathematical relation that interrelates four variables - volume, amount of substance, pressure, and temperature
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pressure
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force divided by area
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standard pressure
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1 bar (10^5 Pa)
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mechanical equilibrium
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no unbalanced force in a system that is not changing
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barometer
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method of measuring the pressure exerted by the atmosphere
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temperature
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a property that determines in which direction energy will flow as heat when two samples are placed in contact through thermally conducting walls
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diathermic
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boundary if a change of state is observed when two objects at different temperatures are brought into contact
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adiabatic
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boundary in which there is no heat or matter exchange
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thermal equilibrium
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no heat exchange in a system that is not changing
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Zeroth law of thermodynamics
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If A is in thermal equilibrium with B, and B is in thermal equilibrium with C, then C is also in thermal equilibrium with A.
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thermometer
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a device for measuring temperature
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Celsius scale
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commonly used method for everyday measurements of temperature
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perfect-gas temperature scale
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independent of the entity of the matter
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thermodynamic temperature scael
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absolute system with T = 0 as the lowest point
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van der Waals coefficient
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constants a and b
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van der Waals loops
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unrealistic oscillations below critical temperature that suggest that under some conditions an increase of pressure results in an increase of volume
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Maxwell construction
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the replacement of van der Waals loops with horizontal lines drawn so the loops define equal areas above and below the lines
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critical compression factor
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Zc = (pc*Vc / R*Tc) = 3/8 for all gases that are described by the van der Waals equation near the crucial point
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reduced variable
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dividing an actual symbol by its corresponding critical constant
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principle of corresponding states
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the observation that real gases at the same reduced volume and reduced temperature exert the same reduced pressure
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